The Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay -- Pro Con Essays

Globalization, an incredible number of individuals see it as a primarily financial wonder, requiring the extra combination, or communication, of broadly based financial elements through the improvement of universal exchange, speculation and fiscal streams. Additionally remembered for this view is the quick advances in sharing social and social qualities just as new advances as the world becomes together. Globalization can be characterized as a strategy wherein geographic separation is a decreasing component in the arrangement and sustentation of universal financial, political and social relations. Defenders of this procedure accept that unhindered commerce and mix of world markets will encourage development in economies both old and new. Defenders additionally accept that globalization will animate the spread of vote based system and thusly improve the state of human rights so natural for the estimations of popular government. Pundits of globalization see globalization in an unexpect ed way, depicting it as overall push toward a globalized financial framework heavily influenced by worldwide corporate exchange and banking organizations that are not mindful to the majority rule framework or governments. Numerous inquiries encompass globalization. What are the expenses and advantages of unhindered commerce? Does globalization worsen worldwide disparity? What effect does globalization have on the earth? Are businesses in evolved countries being debilitated by ventures in creating or underdeveloped nations that have a lower standard and along these lines cost of work? What are the expenses and advantages of facilitated commerce? Advocates of globalization set forward that the advantages of unhindered commerce out gauge the expenses. Global venture and exchange have been the machines that drive development and improvement... ...creating countries it is the country's settle for what is most convenient option of work that make globalization conceivable and in fact beneficial. Permitting an organization to pay a worker a small amount of what his partner would be paid in a created country. Globalization has a colossal measure of help just as a gigantic measure of restriction. While worldwide organizations will in general push for globalization and hence higher net revenues, rivals make a solid effort to ensure that creating countries are not exploited simultaneously. Globalization can't proceed without supporters and it ought not proceed with out spoilers. As consistently a parity must be found to ensure the countries that are creating as well as those that are as of now created also. Advocates and rivals must cooperate to guarantee the prosperity of ages to come that will definitely acquire basically everything.

Marketing and Its Components Essay Example for Free

Promoting and Its Components Essay Ecological examination of UK: So as to make progress in actualizing some promoting arrangement, PEST examination assumes a significant job since it permits the associations to do a total investigation of political, monetary, social and innovative parts of the association and the proof can be taken from the case of Tesco UK. The achievement factor of Tesco can be broke down from the advertising methodology it has accepted so as to manage the potential clients of United Kingdoms. Be that as it may, this organization has taken all the fundamental ideas of showcasing viable while making its vital arrangement. Here is the PEST investigation of Tesco UK. Political: The associations which have political reinforcement and holds the political perspectives viable while advertising its administration get declaration inside no time. For example, Tesco is a global general store; its approaches are constantly good to the areas in which it offers its types of assistance. In UK, it has likewise held this thing viable and that’s why, got extraordinary reaction from the clients. In such manner, following advances have been taken: †¢It has satisfied administrative prerequisites of United Kingdoms †¢There is no infringement of Labor law, ecological law, exchange law, wellbeing and duty limitations †¢Policies have been created holding the political situations viable †¢Tesco has additionally built up its own moral and maintainability approach keeping the national moral strategy of UK in see Financial: Since UK advertise is one of the most touchy markets of the world, financial supportability is another factor that needs intensive investigation so as to manage any promoting circumstance. A large portion of the customer inside UK requires an item that suits their way of life as well as their spending plan. Despite the fact that brand devotion and trust is additionally a positive factor that can be viewed as a solid purpose behind the accomplishment of this association, still a few purchasers think that its hard to purchase exorbitant items. Tesco UK has likewise kept this thing in see and gave various arrangements as serious costs and deals. In any case, the financial investigation of Tesco shows †¢Potential speculation of organization specialists inside UK †¢Payment of expenses on every item †¢Adoption of delicate value procedure †¢Paying loan fee †¢Extensive cooperation in local financial development Social: The examination of social elements of Tesco UK is as followed: †¢Targeting youngsters for item showcasing †¢Increasing request of the worldwide items because of expanding vagrants †¢Multi-social clients †¢Bargaining intensity of clients †¢Safety issues like failure of clients to comprehend item precautionary measures Innovative: Most definitely, Tesco has additionally held this angle viable while advertising its administrations in United Kingdoms. †¢Automatic installment framework †¢Auto-checking while at the same time entering and leaving from grocery store †¢Use of electronic framework for money and parity †¢Implementation of wellbeing cameras in markets †¢Wireless gadgets †¢RFID Control of Tesco over natural components: To the extent the natural factors that are outside the ability to control of Tesco UK are concerned, it is the serious powers, providers, clients, swelling proportion and mechanical progression which have influenced manageability of Tesco in one manner or other. Contenders: Potential contenders of Tesco UK are as followed: †¢Wal-Mart †¢Costcutter †¢Carrefour Most definitely, they include †¢Ebay UK †¢Amazon UK Client: Another perspective that is outside the ability to control of Tesco UK is dealing intensity of clients. The requests of clients differ with the progression of time and Tesco UK needs to expect change the executives procedure keeping the changing requests of the clients. In such manner, the elements that can influence Tesco legitimately include †¢Bargaining intensity of clients †¢Recession †¢Limited financial plan of clients †¢Changing necessities as per the pattern Swelling proportion: Swelling proportion is another viewpoint which is outside the ability to control of Tesco UK since there are a few elements which contribute in such cases and if this grocery store gives potential limits on every item that dangers the supportability of their connection with providers. Be that as it may, this thing is controlled to a little degree through giving various bundles and deals in low seasons, Mechanical progression: Since with the progression in innovation, customers are likewise drawing in towards internet shopping, online stages have taken the situation of solid contenders. A shopper looks for ease through buying items from online entry that can convey the articles at home. In spite of the fact that Tesco additionally has its own web-based interface yet the mechanical progression makes it complex for this association to embrace fitting technique in every nation. Be that as it may, through embracing convenient change the executives procedure, this association can manage such circumstance. Area 2: Making and supporting upper hands: Tesco is the third biggest market of the universes and there are adequate potential contenders which can be viewed as the center skillful of this association. Nonetheless, still this association has been increasing upper hands through supporting and accepting upper hand procedure. To the extent the center contenders of Tesco in this industry are concerned, Wal-Mart and Carrefour are two driving associations that rival Tesco on worldwide level. The motivation behind why it had stayed on third position is that it had started its administration after quite a while. In any case, it is the upper hands which it has continued in local just as worldwide serious market that it has been situated on third position among all general stores of the world. To the extent the systems so as to increase upper hand are worried, there are a few innovative and practical serious procedures which can be created so as to increase upper hand in this industry. In such manner, Porter’s conventional methodologies can be used in light of the fact that all the fruitful associations like Wal-Mart and Carrefour have increased such position just through accepting uncommon serious methodology. The primary methodology that can be proclaimed in such manner is cost initiative system which would empower Tesco to offer its administrations and items to national as well as universal customers and markets in most reduced expense. For this reason, they would likewise need to control the general expense of the activities with the goal that they can without much of a stretch keep up speculation and this value control methodology never influences this association in one manner or other. Through expecting this methodology, Tesco would have the option to create potential benefit as well as upper hand also. On the off chance that Tesco would utilize separation technique as showed by Porter, it would empower this association to offer its items and administrations to its clients declaring novel highlights and worth included administrations that would draw in potential clients a great deal. This would likewise give upper hand as brand steadfastness of clients and twofold benefit. Separation can be created through accepting novel innovative element, offering some incentive included help, remarkable client support and so forth. Another choice to make and support upper hand in nearby just as universal markets is advertise entrance. For example, for Tesco, it may be hard to expect separation or cost authority technique since it requires value support. It can likewise make its advertising sources remarkable. For this reason, as demonstrated in Ansoff Matrix, advertise infiltration technique would demonstrate sufficient worthwhile. It implies this association can increase upper hands through infiltrating in existing business sector, discover potential hotspots for proclaiming its items and administrations and afterward concentrating on interior efficiencies so as to concoct the prerequisites of the shoppers. By and by, Tesco can increase upper hand through expecting cost administration and separation system in worldwide market since it would empower this association to contend with worldwide mammoths. Nonetheless, showcase infiltrations procedure would work if this association needs to make and support remarkable situation in neighborhood markets like that of United Kingdoms and China. Be that as it may, it can't be expressed that Tesco used to use such procedures without doing advertise investigation. In such manner, Tesco markets investigation through evaluating its market position and contemporary proportion of market development which empowers it to break down which system would empower it to contend on worldwide just as neighborhood level and in such manner, the centrality of BCG network can't be dismissed. A few associations used to utilize every one of these procedures cooperatively and consider that there will be upper hand that is an off-base thought. That’s why a large portion of them stuck in the center and at last think that its hard to sift through the best alternative. This isn't the situation with Tesco since it’s a worldwide association and its administration has excellent aptitude in managing such sort of circumstance expecting the best procedure that can produce detached upper hands. Consequently, these are a portion of the potential choices which an association can use for rivaling the most grounded rival in its significant industry yet before expecting a specific system, the association needs to have its portfolio examination too. the instances of Tesco, Wal-Mart and Carrefour can be taken as proof in such manner since Tesco has expected vital alternative through examining its contemporary situation in worldwide market and henceforth, increased effective situation also, Area 3: Professional

I

I Como vosotros debéis saber, voy a pasar el verano trabajando con Telefónica en Madrid. Pues, llegué el sábado pasado- entonces, hace dos semanas enteras que he vivido aquí. Tengo una habitación en la Puerta del Sol, un móvil nuevo (cuyo número todavía no recuerdo), un abono mensual para el metro, mi propio escritorio en la oficina, ya he comdio paella y tortilla española, y sé la manera más rápida de viajar a la oficina, y que quiere decir la noche madrileña. In other words, Im totally settled in! =) (Translation: As you guys should know, Im spending this summer working for Telefónica in Madrid. Well, I got here last Saturday, so Ive been living here for a two whole weeks. I have a room in Puerta del Sol, a new cell phone (whose number I still cant remember), a monthly metro pass, my own desk at the office, Ive already eaten paella and tortilla española, and I know the fastest way to work and what they mean by la noche madrileña- the night in Madrid.) So thats the one paragraph summary, but after that I dont even know where to begin. I guess the beginning is best- I got here Saturday afternoon and was met at the airport by Mónica, who is the sister of my friend Martín. (Their family used to live in Madrid when they were kids. Their parents moved with them to the US, but 3 of the 4 siblings have made their way back here to live, or study in college.) Martín was in most of my classes in high school (Spanish included), and even though he drove me crazy, he helped me learn a ton of Spanish. (If we were passing notes in class, not like we would ever do that, of course, but just suppose we passed notes in class about trivial gossip, he would insist that I respond to him in Spanish, then would return the note with his response, along with corrections on my grammar. Im not kidding. He totally (would) do that when (if) we passed notes.) Anyway, Mónica showed me around a little, and then took me to Puerta del Sol. Id been emailing with a woman who lives there about renting a room in her apartment, so I went to check it out. Well, its the smallest apartment I think Ive ever been in but I loved it, and its in a super cool area- Puerta del Sol is kind of like the Times Square of Madrid- there are more people in the streets outside my apartment at 2 AM than 2 PM, so its pretty cool place to live! So she (her name is Berny) told me to come back the next day with all my stuff (since I had already planned to spend the first night with Mónica). Then Mónica and I left to meet the rest of her siblings (Martín is studying in China right now, but thanks to him I already have a bunch of friends here!), and Berny left to go meet with another girl who might end up being my roommate. So we hung out around Puerta del Sol for awhile, then made our way back to the Metro so we could catch the last bus back to Mónicas house, which is actually in the suburbs. As soon as we entered the Metro stop, I heard someone yelling my name with an American accent. Um, what? It turns out it was Lauren M 10, who also lives on Conner 2, and who I knew was getting to Madrid the same day as me to start her job with GMV, an aerospace firm. Laura, guess what, I just got an apartment! And the moment she said that, I knew. With Berny, right? Yeah, do you know her? Okay, you math geeks, someone out there please tell me, in a city the size of Madrid, what exactly are the odds of that? So within 12 hours of landing in Barajas Airport, I had my first utterly insane story of the summer. My friends are always telling me that one day, my life will make a really entertaining movie. I spent the next day moving into my new apartment, tracking down the suitcase that never made it all the way to Madrid, buying a new cellphone, and trying to remember all that Spanish that I hadnt used in 3 years. Monday was my first day at work, and seriously, my job is awesome. I basically have a Media Lab UROP. Im working in the ambient intelligence group. Ambient intelligence is the idea that computing should be ubiquitous, invisible, and intelligent. So, for example, as you drive home from work, your car should send a wireless signal to your house and tell it to turn the heat back on. This means there are computers everywhere, theyre all connected, and they do what you want them to either without you telling them, or with a very natural interaction. Typing on a keyboard and clicking things with a mouse are very NOT intuitive. Computers should be able to recognize your voice and gestures, and react to you that way. Another good example is something that my coworker David is working on- a smart cell phone that offers tourist advice. Say youre out in an unfamiliar city, and youre getting hungry. Your cell phone can take your coordinates from its GPS, some preset preferences youve entered, the time of day, and recommend some nearby restaurants that are open at that time- and then give you directions right to its door. Maybe after you eat there you can tell your phone whether you liked it or not, and your phone would learn through experience, comparing possible suggestions to your rankings, and the rankings of other people in the network with similar preferences. So Ive been doing a lot of reading lately, half in English and half in Spanish, and most of it straight out of MIT. No joke. Most of the projects Ive been researching have been products of the Media Lab. I think my boss is trying to make me feel at home. Were still working on defining my specific project, but Ill keep you updated when I know more about it. So my job is cool, and my coworkers are even cooler. Ive made a bunch of new friends here, who are all super friendly and oddly excited to hang out with Americans. Ive already gone out with people from work at least 3 different times. They really like showing us typical hangouts in Madrid, and giving us advice about what to see and do. Plus, all of us speak varying levels of both English and Spanish, so we have a lot of bilingual fun teaching each other. David writes emails to me in English, and I respond in Spanish. Theres a sheet of paper on his desk to which I keep adding useful tidbits of American culture and the English language. I call it his American scrapbook. On Friday, Carlos spent all of our lunch hour making me attempt various Spanish tongue twisters so he could laugh at my accent. But let me tell you, hearing She sells seashells by the seashore in a Spanish accent is quite hilarious! So, Im having a great time over here! I live right near Puerta del Sol and La Plaza Mayor, which are famous sightseeing spots, so Ive seen them. I also took a trip to Retiro Park last Sunday, but other than that I havent really done many of the typical touristy things yet. Then again, there arent many. But Adelaide 09 is coming to visit this weekend, so well be sure to visit some of the more famous places when she gets here! (This all means that I have no pictures for you yet- sorry! I dont think Ive brought my camera with me anywhere yet!) Anyway, Madrid is more a city to be experienced than to be seen, and Ive been doing a lot of experiencing! I love the food. I am going to be so sad when I go back to the US and cant have chorizo anymore. (I mean okay, chorizo is possibly the most fattening food ever, but still.) Well, Ive got to go grocery shopping, so we can cook something in time for dinner- which is served around 10 PM over here. Ive actually gotten used to that pretty quickly, but Im still not used to eating my largest meal at 2 PM! (Spanish lunch is the biggest meal of the day.) Hasta luego!

Pest Control Essays - 1005 Words

Pest Control Pests are organisms that reduce the quality or yield of a crop or plant (Biology AS textbook, Indge, Rowland, Baker). Pest control uses various techniques to eliminate populations of specific pests to increase productivity of crops. The two most common methods are the use of Pesticides and Biological Pest Control. This essay will show how and why Biological Pest Control is favoured over the use of Pesticides. Biological Pest Control is the use of a specifically chosen organism to eat, kill, or otherwise harm a particular pest, and often referred to as natural enemies according to the article Biological Control of Pest; www.smartgardening.com/Biological_Pest_Control.htm . These†¦show more content†¦There is little chance of placing danger on the environment and the water quality with Biological control, as Pesticides can leech into water and soil having profoundly unknown effects upon its surrounding. However Biological Control does have some draw-backs it take time for the organism to establish, therefore theres a short time lapse between introducing the organism and any significant difference in the numbers of pests, however Pesticides act very quickly. Biological control requires planning and monitoring and good knowledge of the biology of both the pest and the enemy. Biological control sometimes has 100% success rate, which is not always beneficial as wiping away a whole population of native pests, may also prove to disturb the Food Web, because the organism will also then become extinct itself according to Biological Review Volume 13 No 3 Jan 2001. A famous example of the use of Biological control is that of the Ladybirds appetite for aphids, they are regarded as beneficial insects for controlling a variety of plant pests. A pesticide is a substance intended for preventing, destroying repelling or mitigating a pest. 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This would assure the products have been manufactured, packed and held under proper sanitary conditions. 2.0 Scope The pest control program applies to the entire plant (interior and exterior of the facility). 3.0 Background The presence of rodents, insects and birds in or around a pharmaceutical manufacturing factory indicates poor sanitary condition on site andRead MorePest Control Of The Cotton Leaf Warm Spodoptera Littoralis1265 Words   |  6 Pagespotential new insecticide for pest control H. M. El-bendary and A. A. El-Helaly 1.Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum UniversityEgypt 2.Department ofEconomic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityEgypt. Corresponding author Email:H. M. 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The Secret to Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on

The Secret to Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on The New Angle On Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on Just Released You could also see persuasive speech. Then you're interested in figuring out how to compose persuasive paper. Do a little research about your topics and discover out which one inspires you the most. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. How to Get Started with Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on? You might also see descriptive essay. You can also see informative essay. A persuasive essay takes a crystal clear thesis defining your stance and solid facts to back up your position. In other words, an argumentative essay has to be based on cold hard facts that have been researched and are verifiable. When most students regard essay writing as a dull and hard assignment, it isn't necessarily accurate. You can also see travel essay. You could also see college essay. If you're feeling incapacitated to compose a fantastic essay, don't attempt it at the cost of your academics. Persuasive essay isn't a place to be insecure. It persuades the reader that your viewpoint is the right perspective and it's not overly difficult to write it once you learn how to structure the outline. A persuasive essay has to be based on sound logic and have to contain factual evidence to back up the argument. It needs to be convincing. Every facet of your essay should be considered. You can also see synthesis essay. The body of your essay needs to be supported by research evidence you could gather. Determine your intended audience and create its definition clear. Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on Secrets Our persuasive essay writing help is among the highest-ranked services available on the market. It is a vital part of your academic education or a writing career if you choose to go that way. It is a process that takes into consideration a number of aspects unique to the process. In other words, it has been classified as a formal and informal form of writing. It might be possible to compose a persuasive essay about the should feed all the hungry children on earth, but nevertheless, it wouldn't be a particularly intriguing essay because no sensible person would declare that all of the hungry children deserve to starve. There's an art to persuasive writing and lots of people appear to struggle to master it. If you need your private experience with the very best writer, then you should reach out to us for guidance. While attempting to know how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another crucial activity. It's possible to locate a lot of persuasive essays in the domain of politics. Moreover, do not presume that your audience has an in-depth understanding of the problem or you don't need to elaborate anything simply because you're audience is a professor who's supposed to know a lot about the discipline. In the third paragraph, the author should recognize the fact that a number of lovers find themselves falling in love as a result of situations, including individuals working at the very same location, or engaged in similar pursuits or the exact line of work such as musicians, engineers, teachers, doctors, amongst others. Our writers always keep in contact with customers to make certain their needs are fully met. One of the most usual varieties of writing is essay writing. The ideal way out is to have a pragmatic strategy. Politics if they're local, nationwide, or world wide, are topics that induce a really passionate answer from lots of people, and so are encouraged to have an effective essay. The most important element which produces a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. To be able to successfully contest your viewpoint, especially when seeking to spell out why a certain idea is more valid than the other, you must have the ability to understand either side of the problem. The 2nd necessary issue is a thorough guide on how best to compose a persuasive essay, and we're prepared to assist you with the latter. Take time to ensure you're very thorough. There are instances when you're requested to deliver a persuasive speech in a short time.

Comparing Criminal Justice Systems Venezuela vs Denmark Free Essays

string(89) " principle of legality in the Administration, and to assume the defense of human rights\." Background Denmark The small, European country of Denmark lies just on the border of the North and Baltic Seas upon the peninsula of Germany, also flanked by Norway and Sweden. It is less than twice the size of Massachusetts at 43,094 square kilometers. The weather is generally temperate, humid and overcast with windy winters and cool summers. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Criminal Justice Systems: Venezuela vs Denmark or any similar topic only for you Order Now Denmark’s natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand. Denmark has a population of 5,484,723 with 65. 9% between the ages of 15 and 64 years old. The population growth rate is 0. 95%; they have a birth rate of 10. 71 per 1000 people and a death rate of 10. 25. The migration rate is 2. 49 per 1000 people and the residents have a life expectancy of 78. 13 years. The nationality of the people of Denmark is Dane, or Danish. The Danish ethnic groups include Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, and Somali. As far as religious beliefs, 95% of Denmark are Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Christian including Protestant and Roman Catholic and 3% Muslim. The main languages spoken are Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic and German and the predominant second language is English. The Danes have a 99% literacy rate and the school life expectancy is 17 years. (CIA: World Fact book) Venezuela Venezuela is a much larger country of 912,050 square kilometers and population 26,414,816 in Northern South America bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. It lies flush with Columbia, Brazil and Guyana. It is slightly more than twice the size of California with a tropical climate—hot and humid. 63. 8% of the population is between the ages of 15 and 64 years old. The population growth rate is 1. 98% with a birth rate of 20. 92 per 1000 population and 5. 1 deaths per 1000 population. The net migration rate is -. 084 per 1000 population and their life expectancy from birth is 73. 45 years. Their nationality is Venezuelan and their ethnic groups are Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, and indigenous people; Spanish is the official language. 96% of Venezuela is nominally Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant and 2% other religions entirely. 93% of Venezuelans are literate and the average school expectancy rate is 12 years. Law Denmark Denmark is a constitutional monarchy, with the Queen fulfilling the role of head of state, and the government formed out of the parliament. Denmark has a unicameral (single chamber) parliament, with deputies elected through a system of proportional representation, though each member also represents a constituency. (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Demark) The political system of Denmark is a multi-party structure, where several parties are represented in the Parliament. Danish governments are most often minority administrations, governing with the aid of one or more supporting parties. This means that Danish politics are characterized by inter-party compromising. Since 1909 no single party has had the majority of parliamentary seats. A popularly elected parliament, Folketinget, governs the country and the prime minister, the nation’s chief political officer, usually comes from the ranks of the majority party. The Faroe Islands and Greenland come under nominal rule from Denmark. (Visit Denmark) The capital of Denmark is Copenhagen and the chief of state is Queen Margrethe II since January 14, 1972, and Heir Apparent Crown Prince Frederik, the eldest son of the monarch. The head of the government is Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen since 27 November 2001. The monarch is hereditary, however following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch. Supreme Court judges are appointed by the monarch for life terms. Criminal offenses are defined either in the special part of the Criminal Code or in separate statutes. The general conditions for imposing criminal penalties are found in the general part of the Criminal Code which also apply to separate statutes. The sanctions described in the general part of the Criminal Code are the same whether the criminal offense consists of a violation of the Criminal Code or of separate statutes. The substantive Danish criminal law is monistic, meaning that violations of the law never have been divided into categories like felony/misdemeanor, crime/delicts or the like. It does not mean, however, that major offenses are treated in the same manner as petty offenses in all respects. (Ravn, Lene) The age of criminal responsibility is 15 years old. According to the Criminal Code the mere possession of narcotic drugs is criminalized. However, the law is not enforced regarding possession of very small amounts meant for the drug addict’s own consumption. Possession and selling is penalized in a special law on drugs containing the possibility of imprisonment for a period of up to two years. Serious cases of trafficking of drugs are punished with imprisonment within a range of one month to ten years according to the Criminal Code. Venezuela Venezuela’s political system is a Federal Republic. The current Venezuelan constitution was adopted in 1999. Important changes were made regarding the structure of the government as well as in human rights and community participation. Since the approval by referendum of this constitution, the government consists of five branches, the Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Citizen and Electoral. The Executive Branch: The President and his cabinet. The President is elected by universal, direct and secret ballot for a six-year term. The President may be re-elected for one additional consecutive term only. Legislative: One chamber National Assembly composed by 165 deputies elected for a five- year term. Deputies may be re-elected for up to one additional consecutive term. Judiciary: The new constitution renamed the Supreme Court as the Supreme Tribunal of Justice. Justices are nominated by the civil society. Final appointment requires the approval of at least two thirds of the legislative branch. The Citizens Branch: Created to safeguard public ethics, to ensure respect for the principle of legality in the Administration, and to assume the defense of human rights. You read "Comparing Criminal Justice Systems: Venezuela vs Denmark" in category "Papers" The Ombudsman or Defender of the People, the Attorney General and the Comptroller General form this power The Electoral Branch: This authority is independent from other Government Branches and is appointed by nominations from the civil society. Administrative Division: 22 states, 1 federal district and the federal dependencies. State Governors are elected for a four-year term and may be re-elected for one additional consecutive term only. Most Venezuelans are Roman Catholic. The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion. All faiths have churches and people may worship freely. Venezuela’s people result from the mingling of European, Amerindian, and African cultures. Traditionally a haven for people of all origins, Venezuela received large waves of immigrants from Europe following World War II and from other Latin American and Caribbean nations during the 1970s. (Embassy) The Venezuelan chief of state and head of government is President Hugo Chavez Frias since February 3, 1999. The Executive Vice President Ramon Alonzo Carrizalez Rengifo since 4 January 2008. The Venezuelan Penal Code distinguishes between crimes, punishable by imprisonment, and misdemeanors (faltas), punishable by arrests or fines. In the Penal Code, crimes are classified by major types, as follows: * Crimes against national sovereignty and national security — treason; crimes against national and state government; crimes against international law * Crimes against liberty — crimes against political, personal, religious freedom, etc. Corruption — these are defined in a special anti-corruption law, enacted in 1982 * Crimes against the administration of justice — simulating crimes, false testimony, collusion, concealment, etc. * Crimes against public order — conspiracy to commit crime; incitement to crime; manufacture and carrying of weapons, etc. * For gery — false currency; forged seals, fiscal stamps, documents, passports, licenses, etc. * Crimes against public and private interests — arson, causing floods, etc. gainst public health and nutrition * Crimes against public morals and the family — rape, seduction, prostitution, corrupting minors, adultery, bigamy, etc. * Crimes against persons — homicide, battery, abortion, abandoning children, slander, etc. * Crimes against property — theft, robbery, extortion, kidnapping, fraud, etc. (Birkbeck, Christopher) Until 1998, the age of criminal responsibility was 18. In that year, a new Children’s Code (Venezuela, 1998c) established criminal responsibility for adolescents (ages 12 to 17). However, the adolescent criminal justice system is administratively separate from the adult criminal justice system. Adolescents who turn 18 during adjudication or sentencing continue under the adolescent justice system. (Birkbeck) Police Denmark The state police is a department of the Ministry of Justice. There is no longer a municipal police and the military police only has authority over soldiers according to the Military Criminal Code. Denmark is divided into 54 police districts (excluding the Faeroe Islands and Greenland), each headed by a local chief of police. The National Commissioner reports to the Minister of Justice. For administrative purposes the police are subdivided into plain-clothes criminal investigators, uniformed patrolmen, traffic police officers, immigration police, and other categories. (Ravn) The common police of Denmark consist of 12 districts each managed by a director and two minor districts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands, run by a chief of police. The mission statement of the Danish police is as follows: The police must work in order to ensure security, safety, peace and order in the society. The police must promote this purpose through preventive, helping and enforcing work. In addition to the regular districts, there are three other organizations that work outside the common police. Rigspolitiet is the state national police for Denmark. Politiets Efterretningstjeneste, also called PET, is the national security intelligence agency of Denmark. The agency focuses solely upon domestic security while foreign intelligence operations are handled by Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste – an intelligence branch under the Danish military. The stated overall purpose of PET is to prevent, investigate and counter operations and activities that pose or may pose a threat to the preservation of Denmark as a free, democratic and safe country. The three main duties of the PET are counter terrorism, counter extremism and counter espionage. Politiets Aktionsstyrke (AKS) is the Special Forces unit of the Danish police; a national SWAT team. It is meant to handle extraordinarily difficult or life-threatening criminal situations, such as terrorism, hostage situations, and kidnapping. It also deals with emergency rescue situations that would be too dangerous for others to handle. The AKS holds responsibility for all anti-terror and counter-terrorism missions in Denmark. (Wikipedia) New recruits are required to be in good physical condition; good personal and economic condition, and should have achieved good grades in school. New recruits are usually required to be between 21 and 29 years of age, of Danish citizenship or have applied for Danish nationality/citizenship, and without any convictions. The basic training of police personnel takes 3 years. The training comprises both school education and training of a more practical nature. School education, which consists of 2 courses of 8 months each, takes place at the Police Academy in Copenhagen. The rest of the training time is spent on the job. The Police Academy also presents special courses and leadership courses. All chiefs of police hold a master’s degree in law from a university. (Ravn) Venezuela The national Venezuelan police are the Cuerpo Tecnico de Policia Judicial, or PTJ. They were founded almost immediately after the overthrow of Dictator Marcos Perez Jiminez in 1958. The PTJ is the primary judicial police force in the country, charged with the reception of crime reports made by citizens, the investigation of crimes, gathering of evidence and arrest of suspects. In all these tasks, the PTJ is subordinated to the public prosecutor’s office. Administratively, the PTJ is attached to the Ministry of the Interior and Justice. The national headquarters are in Caracas, and there is one office in each state capital, with additional offices in some other cities. The PTJ’s name was recently changed to the National Directorate of Criminal Investigation. The traffic police (Cuerpo Tecnico de Vigilancia del Transito y Transporte Terrestre), administratively attached to the Ministry of Infrastructure, are responsible for surveillance, preliminary investigation and occasionally arresting suspects, in traffic offenses that involve violations of the criminal law. The state police are responsible for patrol work and public order, arrests (when offenders are caught in the act), and community service. They may also serve as auxiliary judicial police. Each force is regulated by a local Police Code. To further complicate the institutional environment, state police forces are also coordinated by an office in the Ministry of the Interior and Justice that compiles selected statistics and sets guidelines for internal procedures. Beginning in 1990, wealthier municipalities in the country’s largest cities set up municipal police forces. By July 2001, there were 77 municipal forces in the country. They are attached to the mayors’ offices and regulated by the state’s Police Code and by municipal ordinance. With so many different uniformed police forces, there are obviously difficulties in coordination and efficiency. For that reason, since at least 1977 there have been diverse proposals to create a unified national police force. The most recent is the National Police Law, which is currently being debated in the National Assembly. This law would join all uniformed police forces (state, Capital District, municipal), together with the traffic police, into one national force. (Birkbeck) Courts Denmark The independent courts constitute a part of the division of power in Denmark. Generally speaking, cases are dealt with in the first instance by a local or city court; appeals against the judgments of city courts are made to one of the country’s two High Courts. A few big cases and cases touching on administrative matters are dealt with by one of the high courts in the first instance. The highest court in Denmark is the Supreme Court, and the Queen appoints judges. (Ministry) The Danish Supreme Court is the highest civil and criminal court responsible for the administration of justice in Denmark. The Kingdom of Denmark, consisting of Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, does not have a single unified judicial system – Denmark has one system, Greenland another and the Faroe Island a third. However, ecisions by the highest courts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands may be appealed to the Danish High Courts. Venezuela Venezuela has three types of main courts: Trial courts: The 395 trial courts are divided into first instance trial courts and instructional criminal courts. In addition, 667 departmental and municipal courts are assigned the lowest level cases. Superior Courts: There are 173 Superior courts that primarily act as interme diate appellate courts. The dispersion of these courts throughout the country is based on population and political needs. Supreme Court: The Supreme Court is the court of last resort. It is composed of 15 justices who each serve a nine-year term. This Court is divided into three chambers: civil, criminal, and civil rights. (Salas, Luis) They also have several types of special courts: Military Courts: Military courts exercise a considerable amount of authority since their jurisdiction extends to all crimes committed by members of the armed forces and on-duty police officers. Many persons have criticized this system, viewing it as a barrier to the successful prosecution of human rights abuses committed by the police and military. Military courts extend their jurisdiction to civilians accused of crimes under the military code, for example treason or subversion. Anti-corruption Court: The anti-corruption court (Tribunal de Salvaguardia Del Patrimonio Publico) was established with specific and sometimes extraordinary powers, to investigate and punish corruption. While corruption cases may be tried in the first instance by the traditional court system, these special courts have second instance jurisdiction. They also serve as trial courts for cases involving corruption by high-level officials. Even though their jurisdictional powers are extensive, they have been afforded meager resources to carry out their responsibilities. Family/Juvenile Courts: Another set of courts handle family matters and juvenile cases. Juveniles are processed through special courts and then remanded to juvenile correctional facilities. (Salas) Corrections Denmark In Denmark, the correctional service controls 15 prisons, one institution for inmates needing psychiatric treatment, and 40 local jails. Five of the prisons and the psychiatric institution are closed in that they are secured by an external ring wall as well as by internal precautions like secured buildings, and electronic security systems combined with relatively dense staffing. The staff does not carry arms. Being used as remand detention institutions, the local jails are also closed. The remaining nine prisons are open institutions which actually means that the inmates are physically able to leave the institution. Two of the closed prisons have both male and female inmates. In one of these prisons there is cohabitation between men and women within units. There are also two open prison departments for women. While serving his sentence the inmate is obliged to work for which he is paid a small hourly salary. The prison administration tries to ensure that the working places equate those found in modern society. In order to encourage inmates to educate themselves the same amount is paid to inmates who choose to go to the prison school instead of going to work. The prison provides health care and necessary dental care. Sick inmates will be hospitalized in ordinary hospitals. The policies of the correctional service are governed by the following three principles: A. Normalization. As a starting point the inmate is placed in the open prison closest to his home in order to preserve family contacts and to pave the way for a gradual release from the prison. There must be specific reasons for instituting control of inmates’ correspondence. Visits by next-of-kin take place in secluded visiting rooms with a couch. In the open prisons weekend leaves are granted every third week to prisoners with a low risk of recidivism. A prisoner in a closed institution may obtain similar rights to weekend leave when he has served one fourth of his sentence. At some time during incarceration about one third of the prisoners in closed prisons are granted occasional leaves. The total number of leaves per year is about 57,000. More than half of these are so-called work leaves where an inmate leaves the prison to go to work or to take part in educational activities in society. B. Self-administration. The inmate is responsible for his own daily life. Important elements of this approach are that food must be bought and cooked by the inmate to which end he is paid a fixed amount of money per day. The inmate is also responsible for his personal hygiene, clothes’ laundry and repair. The prison encourages the inmates to make meaningful use of leisure hours by providing opportunity for sports and other structuralized activities. C. Release on parole and after-care. According to a provision of the Criminal Code more than 90% of the inmates are released on parole after having served two thirds of their sentences. Almost 10% of these will be released after serving between one half and two thirds of the time, due to special grounds. Royal pardon is possible according to the Constitution, but rare. Outside of imprisonment for life which necessitates the use of pardoning, royal pardon is more commonly used in connection with short-term sentences where the convicted cannot endure the prison stay because of severe illness or the like. In such cases the pardon is normally conditioned on the payment of a fine. (Dr. Winslow, Robert) Venezuela Typical penalties in Venezuela include fines, restitution, probation, and incarceration. Some crimes carry mandatory prison sentences which prohibit early release. The death penalty in Venezuela was abolished in the mid 1860s. The prison population in Venezuela is 40% over its stated capacity. Overcrowding is regarded as a primary factor in the high level of violence within prisons, which resulted in an average of 3 prisoner deaths per week in 1992. Venezuela, like many of its Latin American countries, has incorporated the United Nation’s â€Å"Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners† in its national legislation. However, a recent human rights director of the Venezuelan Attorney General’s Office has criticized the conditions of the nation’s prisons. As a consequence of government neglect, the prisoners live in overcrowded and unhealthy quarters, without access to education, and lacking incentives to seek jobs once they are released. (Salas) References Birkbeck, Christopher Venezuela World Fact Book of Criminal Justice Systems http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfcjsvz. txt CIA: World Fact Book https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/da. html Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela In the United States of America http://www. embavenezus. org/? pagina=kids. venezuela/political. system. tm=Venezuela%20for%20Kids Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark http://www. ambmoskva. um. dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/danish+political+and+social+affairs/ Ravn, Lene Denmark World Fact Book of Criminal Justice Systems http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjden. txt Salas, Luis Florida International University Venezuela World Fact Book of Criminal Justice http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjve n. txt Visit Denmark http://www. visitdenmark. com/uk/en-gb/menu/turist/turistinformation/fakta-az/ Wikipedia www. en. wikipedia. org Dr. Winslow, Robert San Diego State University Crime and Society How to cite Comparing Criminal Justice Systems: Venezuela vs Denmark, Papers

Racism in The Secret Life of Bees free essay sample

Racism was a way of life in the South during the time frame of The Secret Life of Bees. At many times in the novel the reader is shown how racism affects each character in the novel. Racism is shown through Rosaleen and Lily’s arrest, Lily and Zach’s love affair, and also June’s dislike towards Lily. Many characters in the novel come to experience racism or discrimination directly. Very early in the novel, Rosaleen gets into trouble with some men, and the events that take place influence the entire novel. While Lily and Rosaleen were walking a few white men make racial remarks towards Rosaleen. Rosaleen, being the stand up, independent woman that she is, calmly poured her spit juice in their shoes. The men demanded an apology, but her pride would not allow her to do so. In response to Rosaleen’s refusal, the men beat her to the point of hospitalization. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in The Secret Life of Bees or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even in front of the police officer that came to bring in the girls in, the men slashed Rosaleen’s head open. Not only did he let the man hurt Rosaleen, but he didn’t punish him in any way. What she did was wrong but the beating that she received for it was not necessary, nor was it necessary for her to be thrown into jail. It was very obvious that the reason that Rosaleen was taken into custody was because she was black. Lily was so naive; she thought that just because a police was with them, nothing bad could happen. This was the first time Lily had witnessed racism and the cruelty and harsh effects that came along with it. Also, T. Ray got Lily out of jail but left Rosaleen to fend for herself. The very fact that he didn’t get the woman who practically raised her out of jail angered her to the point of standing up to T. Ray, which is near suicide. The events that unraveled were very significant and were an eye opener for innocent Lily. She knew racism was real, but she never thought it would ever affect her or her beloved Rosaleen. Later on in the novel, Lily meets a black boy names Zach. Zach lives in a pink house with The Calendar Sisters who took Lily and Rosaleen in. Lily and Zach’s friendship slowly evolved into a deep seated love affair. They both knew they had feelings for each other, but they also knew it was impossible that their relationship would be any more than hidden kisses and cute looks. In that place and time, it was unheard of that a white girl and a black boy be together. In the eyes of others, it was an abomination to be in an interracial relationship; Lily and Zach had to come to accept this fact. One of the Calendar Sisters, June, also cause trouble with Lily. From day one, Lily could tell June was not too fond of her. In her very first few days, Lily over hears a conversation between August and June. August is trying to convince June that they need to let Lily and Rosaleen stay with them. In response to Augustt trying to open June’s mind, June’s excuse for not wanting Lily to be there is, â€Å"But she is white. † Lily was taken aback by this; she had never in her life thought that she, being white, could be discriminates against. Lily could not believe that June did not want her there because of her skin color. Racism took over many people’s lives in The South in the 1960s, and it was a terrible thing that ended many people’s lives. It was a serious problem that added on to the hardships that African Americans were dealing with at that time. In The Secret Life of Bees, Sue Monk Kidd allows her characters to experience and be affected by it.