The Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay -- Pro Con Essays

Globalization, an incredible number of individuals see it as a primarily financial wonder, requiring the extra combination, or communication, of broadly based financial elements through the improvement of universal exchange, speculation and fiscal streams. Additionally remembered for this view is the quick advances in sharing social and social qualities just as new advances as the world becomes together. Globalization can be characterized as a strategy wherein geographic separation is a decreasing component in the arrangement and sustentation of universal financial, political and social relations. Defenders of this procedure accept that unhindered commerce and mix of world markets will encourage development in economies both old and new. Defenders additionally accept that globalization will animate the spread of vote based system and thusly improve the state of human rights so natural for the estimations of popular government. Pundits of globalization see globalization in an unexpect ed way, depicting it as overall push toward a globalized financial framework heavily influenced by worldwide corporate exchange and banking organizations that are not mindful to the majority rule framework or governments. Numerous inquiries encompass globalization. What are the expenses and advantages of unhindered commerce? Does globalization worsen worldwide disparity? What effect does globalization have on the earth? Are businesses in evolved countries being debilitated by ventures in creating or underdeveloped nations that have a lower standard and along these lines cost of work? What are the expenses and advantages of facilitated commerce? Advocates of globalization set forward that the advantages of unhindered commerce out gauge the expenses. Global venture and exchange have been the machines that drive development and improvement... ...creating countries it is the country's settle for what is most convenient option of work that make globalization conceivable and in fact beneficial. Permitting an organization to pay a worker a small amount of what his partner would be paid in a created country. Globalization has a colossal measure of help just as a gigantic measure of restriction. While worldwide organizations will in general push for globalization and hence higher net revenues, rivals make a solid effort to ensure that creating countries are not exploited simultaneously. Globalization can't proceed without supporters and it ought not proceed with out spoilers. As consistently a parity must be found to ensure the countries that are creating as well as those that are as of now created also. Advocates and rivals must cooperate to guarantee the prosperity of ages to come that will definitely acquire basically everything.

Marketing and Its Components Essay Example for Free

Promoting and Its Components Essay Ecological examination of UK: So as to make progress in actualizing some promoting arrangement, PEST examination assumes a significant job since it permits the associations to do a total investigation of political, monetary, social and innovative parts of the association and the proof can be taken from the case of Tesco UK. The achievement factor of Tesco can be broke down from the advertising methodology it has accepted so as to manage the potential clients of United Kingdoms. Be that as it may, this organization has taken all the fundamental ideas of showcasing viable while making its vital arrangement. Here is the PEST investigation of Tesco UK. Political: The associations which have political reinforcement and holds the political perspectives viable while advertising its administration get declaration inside no time. For example, Tesco is a global general store; its approaches are constantly good to the areas in which it offers its types of assistance. In UK, it has likewise held this thing viable and that’s why, got extraordinary reaction from the clients. In such manner, following advances have been taken: †¢It has satisfied administrative prerequisites of United Kingdoms †¢There is no infringement of Labor law, ecological law, exchange law, wellbeing and duty limitations †¢Policies have been created holding the political situations viable †¢Tesco has additionally built up its own moral and maintainability approach keeping the national moral strategy of UK in see Financial: Since UK advertise is one of the most touchy markets of the world, financial supportability is another factor that needs intensive investigation so as to manage any promoting circumstance. A large portion of the customer inside UK requires an item that suits their way of life as well as their spending plan. Despite the fact that brand devotion and trust is additionally a positive factor that can be viewed as a solid purpose behind the accomplishment of this association, still a few purchasers think that its hard to purchase exorbitant items. Tesco UK has likewise kept this thing in see and gave various arrangements as serious costs and deals. In any case, the financial investigation of Tesco shows †¢Potential speculation of organization specialists inside UK †¢Payment of expenses on every item †¢Adoption of delicate value procedure †¢Paying loan fee †¢Extensive cooperation in local financial development Social: The examination of social elements of Tesco UK is as followed: †¢Targeting youngsters for item showcasing †¢Increasing request of the worldwide items because of expanding vagrants †¢Multi-social clients †¢Bargaining intensity of clients †¢Safety issues like failure of clients to comprehend item precautionary measures Innovative: Most definitely, Tesco has additionally held this angle viable while advertising its administrations in United Kingdoms. †¢Automatic installment framework †¢Auto-checking while at the same time entering and leaving from grocery store †¢Use of electronic framework for money and parity †¢Implementation of wellbeing cameras in markets †¢Wireless gadgets †¢RFID Control of Tesco over natural components: To the extent the natural factors that are outside the ability to control of Tesco UK are concerned, it is the serious powers, providers, clients, swelling proportion and mechanical progression which have influenced manageability of Tesco in one manner or other. Contenders: Potential contenders of Tesco UK are as followed: †¢Wal-Mart †¢Costcutter †¢Carrefour Most definitely, they include †¢Ebay UK †¢Amazon UK Client: Another perspective that is outside the ability to control of Tesco UK is dealing intensity of clients. The requests of clients differ with the progression of time and Tesco UK needs to expect change the executives procedure keeping the changing requests of the clients. In such manner, the elements that can influence Tesco legitimately include †¢Bargaining intensity of clients †¢Recession †¢Limited financial plan of clients †¢Changing necessities as per the pattern Swelling proportion: Swelling proportion is another viewpoint which is outside the ability to control of Tesco UK since there are a few elements which contribute in such cases and if this grocery store gives potential limits on every item that dangers the supportability of their connection with providers. Be that as it may, this thing is controlled to a little degree through giving various bundles and deals in low seasons, Mechanical progression: Since with the progression in innovation, customers are likewise drawing in towards internet shopping, online stages have taken the situation of solid contenders. A shopper looks for ease through buying items from online entry that can convey the articles at home. In spite of the fact that Tesco additionally has its own web-based interface yet the mechanical progression makes it complex for this association to embrace fitting technique in every nation. Be that as it may, through embracing convenient change the executives procedure, this association can manage such circumstance. Area 2: Making and supporting upper hands: Tesco is the third biggest market of the universes and there are adequate potential contenders which can be viewed as the center skillful of this association. Nonetheless, still this association has been increasing upper hands through supporting and accepting upper hand procedure. To the extent the center contenders of Tesco in this industry are concerned, Wal-Mart and Carrefour are two driving associations that rival Tesco on worldwide level. The motivation behind why it had stayed on third position is that it had started its administration after quite a while. In any case, it is the upper hands which it has continued in local just as worldwide serious market that it has been situated on third position among all general stores of the world. To the extent the systems so as to increase upper hand are worried, there are a few innovative and practical serious procedures which can be created so as to increase upper hand in this industry. In such manner, Porter’s conventional methodologies can be used in light of the fact that all the fruitful associations like Wal-Mart and Carrefour have increased such position just through accepting uncommon serious methodology. The primary methodology that can be proclaimed in such manner is cost initiative system which would empower Tesco to offer its administrations and items to national as well as universal customers and markets in most reduced expense. For this reason, they would likewise need to control the general expense of the activities with the goal that they can without much of a stretch keep up speculation and this value control methodology never influences this association in one manner or other. Through expecting this methodology, Tesco would have the option to create potential benefit as well as upper hand also. On the off chance that Tesco would utilize separation technique as showed by Porter, it would empower this association to offer its items and administrations to its clients declaring novel highlights and worth included administrations that would draw in potential clients a great deal. This would likewise give upper hand as brand steadfastness of clients and twofold benefit. Separation can be created through accepting novel innovative element, offering some incentive included help, remarkable client support and so forth. Another choice to make and support upper hand in nearby just as universal markets is advertise entrance. For example, for Tesco, it may be hard to expect separation or cost authority technique since it requires value support. It can likewise make its advertising sources remarkable. For this reason, as demonstrated in Ansoff Matrix, advertise infiltration technique would demonstrate sufficient worthwhile. It implies this association can increase upper hands through infiltrating in existing business sector, discover potential hotspots for proclaiming its items and administrations and afterward concentrating on interior efficiencies so as to concoct the prerequisites of the shoppers. By and by, Tesco can increase upper hand through expecting cost administration and separation system in worldwide market since it would empower this association to contend with worldwide mammoths. Nonetheless, showcase infiltrations procedure would work if this association needs to make and support remarkable situation in neighborhood markets like that of United Kingdoms and China. Be that as it may, it can't be expressed that Tesco used to use such procedures without doing advertise investigation. In such manner, Tesco markets investigation through evaluating its market position and contemporary proportion of market development which empowers it to break down which system would empower it to contend on worldwide just as neighborhood level and in such manner, the centrality of BCG network can't be dismissed. A few associations used to utilize every one of these procedures cooperatively and consider that there will be upper hand that is an off-base thought. That’s why a large portion of them stuck in the center and at last think that its hard to sift through the best alternative. This isn't the situation with Tesco since it’s a worldwide association and its administration has excellent aptitude in managing such sort of circumstance expecting the best procedure that can produce detached upper hands. Consequently, these are a portion of the potential choices which an association can use for rivaling the most grounded rival in its significant industry yet before expecting a specific system, the association needs to have its portfolio examination too. the instances of Tesco, Wal-Mart and Carrefour can be taken as proof in such manner since Tesco has expected vital alternative through examining its contemporary situation in worldwide market and henceforth, increased effective situation also, Area 3: Professional

I

I Como vosotros debéis saber, voy a pasar el verano trabajando con Telefónica en Madrid. Pues, llegué el sábado pasado- entonces, hace dos semanas enteras que he vivido aquí. Tengo una habitación en la Puerta del Sol, un móvil nuevo (cuyo número todavía no recuerdo), un abono mensual para el metro, mi propio escritorio en la oficina, ya he comdio paella y tortilla española, y sé la manera más rápida de viajar a la oficina, y que quiere decir la noche madrileña. In other words, Im totally settled in! =) (Translation: As you guys should know, Im spending this summer working for Telefónica in Madrid. Well, I got here last Saturday, so Ive been living here for a two whole weeks. I have a room in Puerta del Sol, a new cell phone (whose number I still cant remember), a monthly metro pass, my own desk at the office, Ive already eaten paella and tortilla española, and I know the fastest way to work and what they mean by la noche madrileña- the night in Madrid.) So thats the one paragraph summary, but after that I dont even know where to begin. I guess the beginning is best- I got here Saturday afternoon and was met at the airport by Mónica, who is the sister of my friend Martín. (Their family used to live in Madrid when they were kids. Their parents moved with them to the US, but 3 of the 4 siblings have made their way back here to live, or study in college.) Martín was in most of my classes in high school (Spanish included), and even though he drove me crazy, he helped me learn a ton of Spanish. (If we were passing notes in class, not like we would ever do that, of course, but just suppose we passed notes in class about trivial gossip, he would insist that I respond to him in Spanish, then would return the note with his response, along with corrections on my grammar. Im not kidding. He totally (would) do that when (if) we passed notes.) Anyway, Mónica showed me around a little, and then took me to Puerta del Sol. Id been emailing with a woman who lives there about renting a room in her apartment, so I went to check it out. Well, its the smallest apartment I think Ive ever been in but I loved it, and its in a super cool area- Puerta del Sol is kind of like the Times Square of Madrid- there are more people in the streets outside my apartment at 2 AM than 2 PM, so its pretty cool place to live! So she (her name is Berny) told me to come back the next day with all my stuff (since I had already planned to spend the first night with Mónica). Then Mónica and I left to meet the rest of her siblings (Martín is studying in China right now, but thanks to him I already have a bunch of friends here!), and Berny left to go meet with another girl who might end up being my roommate. So we hung out around Puerta del Sol for awhile, then made our way back to the Metro so we could catch the last bus back to Mónicas house, which is actually in the suburbs. As soon as we entered the Metro stop, I heard someone yelling my name with an American accent. Um, what? It turns out it was Lauren M 10, who also lives on Conner 2, and who I knew was getting to Madrid the same day as me to start her job with GMV, an aerospace firm. Laura, guess what, I just got an apartment! And the moment she said that, I knew. With Berny, right? Yeah, do you know her? Okay, you math geeks, someone out there please tell me, in a city the size of Madrid, what exactly are the odds of that? So within 12 hours of landing in Barajas Airport, I had my first utterly insane story of the summer. My friends are always telling me that one day, my life will make a really entertaining movie. I spent the next day moving into my new apartment, tracking down the suitcase that never made it all the way to Madrid, buying a new cellphone, and trying to remember all that Spanish that I hadnt used in 3 years. Monday was my first day at work, and seriously, my job is awesome. I basically have a Media Lab UROP. Im working in the ambient intelligence group. Ambient intelligence is the idea that computing should be ubiquitous, invisible, and intelligent. So, for example, as you drive home from work, your car should send a wireless signal to your house and tell it to turn the heat back on. This means there are computers everywhere, theyre all connected, and they do what you want them to either without you telling them, or with a very natural interaction. Typing on a keyboard and clicking things with a mouse are very NOT intuitive. Computers should be able to recognize your voice and gestures, and react to you that way. Another good example is something that my coworker David is working on- a smart cell phone that offers tourist advice. Say youre out in an unfamiliar city, and youre getting hungry. Your cell phone can take your coordinates from its GPS, some preset preferences youve entered, the time of day, and recommend some nearby restaurants that are open at that time- and then give you directions right to its door. Maybe after you eat there you can tell your phone whether you liked it or not, and your phone would learn through experience, comparing possible suggestions to your rankings, and the rankings of other people in the network with similar preferences. So Ive been doing a lot of reading lately, half in English and half in Spanish, and most of it straight out of MIT. No joke. Most of the projects Ive been researching have been products of the Media Lab. I think my boss is trying to make me feel at home. Were still working on defining my specific project, but Ill keep you updated when I know more about it. So my job is cool, and my coworkers are even cooler. Ive made a bunch of new friends here, who are all super friendly and oddly excited to hang out with Americans. Ive already gone out with people from work at least 3 different times. They really like showing us typical hangouts in Madrid, and giving us advice about what to see and do. Plus, all of us speak varying levels of both English and Spanish, so we have a lot of bilingual fun teaching each other. David writes emails to me in English, and I respond in Spanish. Theres a sheet of paper on his desk to which I keep adding useful tidbits of American culture and the English language. I call it his American scrapbook. On Friday, Carlos spent all of our lunch hour making me attempt various Spanish tongue twisters so he could laugh at my accent. But let me tell you, hearing She sells seashells by the seashore in a Spanish accent is quite hilarious! So, Im having a great time over here! I live right near Puerta del Sol and La Plaza Mayor, which are famous sightseeing spots, so Ive seen them. I also took a trip to Retiro Park last Sunday, but other than that I havent really done many of the typical touristy things yet. Then again, there arent many. But Adelaide 09 is coming to visit this weekend, so well be sure to visit some of the more famous places when she gets here! (This all means that I have no pictures for you yet- sorry! I dont think Ive brought my camera with me anywhere yet!) Anyway, Madrid is more a city to be experienced than to be seen, and Ive been doing a lot of experiencing! I love the food. I am going to be so sad when I go back to the US and cant have chorizo anymore. (I mean okay, chorizo is possibly the most fattening food ever, but still.) Well, Ive got to go grocery shopping, so we can cook something in time for dinner- which is served around 10 PM over here. Ive actually gotten used to that pretty quickly, but Im still not used to eating my largest meal at 2 PM! (Spanish lunch is the biggest meal of the day.) Hasta luego!

Pest Control Essays - 1005 Words

Pest Control Pests are organisms that reduce the quality or yield of a crop or plant (Biology AS textbook, Indge, Rowland, Baker). Pest control uses various techniques to eliminate populations of specific pests to increase productivity of crops. The two most common methods are the use of Pesticides and Biological Pest Control. This essay will show how and why Biological Pest Control is favoured over the use of Pesticides. Biological Pest Control is the use of a specifically chosen organism to eat, kill, or otherwise harm a particular pest, and often referred to as natural enemies according to the article Biological Control of Pest; www.smartgardening.com/Biological_Pest_Control.htm . These†¦show more content†¦There is little chance of placing danger on the environment and the water quality with Biological control, as Pesticides can leech into water and soil having profoundly unknown effects upon its surrounding. However Biological Control does have some draw-backs it take time for the organism to establish, therefore theres a short time lapse between introducing the organism and any significant difference in the numbers of pests, however Pesticides act very quickly. Biological control requires planning and monitoring and good knowledge of the biology of both the pest and the enemy. Biological control sometimes has 100% success rate, which is not always beneficial as wiping away a whole population of native pests, may also prove to disturb the Food Web, because the organism will also then become extinct itself according to Biological Review Volume 13 No 3 Jan 2001. A famous example of the use of Biological control is that of the Ladybirds appetite for aphids, they are regarded as beneficial insects for controlling a variety of plant pests. A pesticide is a substance intended for preventing, destroying repelling or mitigating a pest. Pests can be insects, mice and otherShow MoreRelatedPest Control3866 Words   |  16 PagesSubstantial Content I. Importance of natural method of pest control The problem with broad range conventional pesticides is that they not only kill the bad bugs, but they rub out the good bugs, too. A garden without natural predators means a world of insects gone wild. Theres nothing left to keep pest levels in check. In fact, chemicals can mean double trouble because although you wipe out the first wave of pests, the second wave which is not the usual pest, but another insect moving into the area can causeRead MorePest Control Program 2406 Words   |  10 PagesPART A – Pest Control Program 1.0 Purpose The purpose is to control pest specifically rodents, insects and birds on site. This would assure the products have been manufactured, packed and held under proper sanitary conditions. 2.0 Scope The pest control program applies to the entire plant (interior and exterior of the facility). 3.0 Background The presence of rodents, insects and birds in or around a pharmaceutical manufacturing factory indicates poor sanitary condition on site andRead MorePest Control Of The Cotton Leaf Warm Spodoptera Littoralis1265 Words   |  6 Pagespotential new insecticide for pest control H. M. El-bendary and A. A. El-Helaly 1.Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum UniversityEgypt 2.Department ofEconomic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo UniversityEgypt. Corresponding author Email:H. M. El-bendary Key words A B S T R A C T Nano-silicaparticles Spodoptera littoralis tomato plants pest control The cotton leaf warm Spodoptera littoralis is considered the major important pest of plenty of vegetablesRead MoreImplement Best Tips Of Pest Control Islington2042 Words   |  9 PagesImplement best tips of Pest control Islington Pests can interrupt your peaceful life to a great extent and thus you should make necessary arrangements so that they can be easily eliminated. Pest control Islington is a great specimen for all as you will be able to learn a lot of valuable tips for controlling pests. Harborage, Water and food are the most vital things that are common for almost all kinds of pests. By means of discouraging pest activities, the attacks of pests can be controlled for sureRead MoreThe Hazards of Pest Control500 Words   |  2 PagesHazards of Pest Control Farmers and those in the agricultural field have for a long time had to deal with insects which try to attack their crops and ruin their potential harvest. To combat these menaces, chemists were able to create chemicals which would kill the insects and protect the crops. These chemicals, such as DDT, were very successful and farmers had more to harvest than in years past. However, there was an unforeseen result of the mass spraying of poisonous chemicals. Human beings wereRead MoreAdvantages of Pheromone Application in Controlling Pests Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesPHEROMONE APPLICATION IN CONTROLLING PESTS 1. Introduction Pest management has become more and more vital issue in the development of agriculture. Traditional pest control tends to apply pesticides to uncovered areas far from where its needed and make use of it far more than necessary. Nowadays, scientists find a chemical substance from insects and make it applied in pest control, this kind of chemical substance is called pheromones. What are pheromones? Pheromones are the chemical substancesRead MoreTruly Nolen Of America, Inc.948 Words   |  4 Pagesof his home improvement shop in Miami, Florida (Harbison, 2013). The company provided pest control services that were known for their effectiveness and efficiency. The founder of the company was known to be a perfectionist and a workaholic, always available to provide effective services for customers. In fact, it was the founder’s knack for solving pest-control problems that motivated him to enter the pest control business in the first place. During this time period, the business prosp ered and expandedRead MorePest Control Impacts The Environment Essay752 Words   |  4 PagesPYP Exhibition 1080 Research Michael, Leo, Bryan Central Idea Pest control impacts the environment. Lines of Inquiry The presence of pest control influences the ecosystems of our environment. Pest control can potentially associate risks to our environment, species of animals, and plants. The use of pest control can be effective against pests. Concepts Causation Perspective Research What is 1080? 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) is a poisonous chemical. Used in many areas of New Zealand, yet it causesRead MoreBiological Control of the Erythrina Gall Wasp Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pageslong history of failed attempts of biological controls in Hawaii. The one ingrained in everyone’s mind is the day hunting mongoose released to control nocturnal rats in the 1800’s. However, a stricter quarantine process was set up by the State since and there have been numerous effective bio-controls. Within the last four years the Erythrina Gall Wasp has rapidly become a highly invasive pest in Hawaii. Facing no long-term control other than bio-control the Erythrina Gall Wasp’s cousin has been releasedRead MoreThe Chemical Pest Control Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesThe Chemical Pest Control A pest is usually seen as an organism potentially hazardous to health and is in competition with humans for space food or soil. Pesticides are any chemical or biological agent that kills plant or animal pests; herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, etc. are all pesticides. There are various types of chemical pesticides available such as contact pesticides which are sprayed directly onto the crop, systematic pesticides, which

The Secret to Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on

The Secret to Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on The New Angle On Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on Just Released You could also see persuasive speech. Then you're interested in figuring out how to compose persuasive paper. Do a little research about your topics and discover out which one inspires you the most. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. How to Get Started with Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on? You might also see descriptive essay. You can also see informative essay. A persuasive essay takes a crystal clear thesis defining your stance and solid facts to back up your position. In other words, an argumentative essay has to be based on cold hard facts that have been researched and are verifiable. When most students regard essay writing as a dull and hard assignment, it isn't necessarily accurate. You can also see travel essay. You could also see college essay. If you're feeling incapacitated to compose a fantastic essay, don't attempt it at the cost of your academics. Persuasive essay isn't a place to be insecure. It persuades the reader that your viewpoint is the right perspective and it's not overly difficult to write it once you learn how to structure the outline. A persuasive essay has to be based on sound logic and have to contain factual evidence to back up the argument. It needs to be convincing. Every facet of your essay should be considered. You can also see synthesis essay. The body of your essay needs to be supported by research evidence you could gather. Determine your intended audience and create its definition clear. Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on Secrets Our persuasive essay writing help is among the highest-ranked services available on the market. It is a vital part of your academic education or a writing career if you choose to go that way. It is a process that takes into consideration a number of aspects unique to the process. In other words, it has been classified as a formal and informal form of writing. It might be possible to compose a persuasive essay about the should feed all the hungry children on earth, but nevertheless, it wouldn't be a particularly intriguing essay because no sensible person would declare that all of the hungry children deserve to starve. There's an art to persuasive writing and lots of people appear to struggle to master it. If you need your private experience with the very best writer, then you should reach out to us for guidance. While attempting to know how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another crucial activity. It's possible to locate a lot of persuasive essays in the domain of politics. Moreover, do not presume that your audience has an in-depth understanding of the problem or you don't need to elaborate anything simply because you're audience is a professor who's supposed to know a lot about the discipline. In the third paragraph, the author should recognize the fact that a number of lovers find themselves falling in love as a result of situations, including individuals working at the very same location, or engaged in similar pursuits or the exact line of work such as musicians, engineers, teachers, doctors, amongst others. Our writers always keep in contact with customers to make certain their needs are fully met. One of the most usual varieties of writing is essay writing. The ideal way out is to have a pragmatic strategy. Politics if they're local, nationwide, or world wide, are topics that induce a really passionate answer from lots of people, and so are encouraged to have an effective essay. The most important element which produces a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. To be able to successfully contest your viewpoint, especially when seeking to spell out why a certain idea is more valid than the other, you must have the ability to understand either side of the problem. The 2nd necessary issue is a thorough guide on how best to compose a persuasive essay, and we're prepared to assist you with the latter. Take time to ensure you're very thorough. There are instances when you're requested to deliver a persuasive speech in a short time.

Comparing Criminal Justice Systems Venezuela vs Denmark Free Essays

string(89) " principle of legality in the Administration, and to assume the defense of human rights\." Background Denmark The small, European country of Denmark lies just on the border of the North and Baltic Seas upon the peninsula of Germany, also flanked by Norway and Sweden. It is less than twice the size of Massachusetts at 43,094 square kilometers. The weather is generally temperate, humid and overcast with windy winters and cool summers. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Criminal Justice Systems: Venezuela vs Denmark or any similar topic only for you Order Now Denmark’s natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand. Denmark has a population of 5,484,723 with 65. 9% between the ages of 15 and 64 years old. The population growth rate is 0. 95%; they have a birth rate of 10. 71 per 1000 people and a death rate of 10. 25. The migration rate is 2. 49 per 1000 people and the residents have a life expectancy of 78. 13 years. The nationality of the people of Denmark is Dane, or Danish. The Danish ethnic groups include Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, and Somali. As far as religious beliefs, 95% of Denmark are Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Christian including Protestant and Roman Catholic and 3% Muslim. The main languages spoken are Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic and German and the predominant second language is English. The Danes have a 99% literacy rate and the school life expectancy is 17 years. (CIA: World Fact book) Venezuela Venezuela is a much larger country of 912,050 square kilometers and population 26,414,816 in Northern South America bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. It lies flush with Columbia, Brazil and Guyana. It is slightly more than twice the size of California with a tropical climate—hot and humid. 63. 8% of the population is between the ages of 15 and 64 years old. The population growth rate is 1. 98% with a birth rate of 20. 92 per 1000 population and 5. 1 deaths per 1000 population. The net migration rate is -. 084 per 1000 population and their life expectancy from birth is 73. 45 years. Their nationality is Venezuelan and their ethnic groups are Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, and indigenous people; Spanish is the official language. 96% of Venezuela is nominally Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant and 2% other religions entirely. 93% of Venezuelans are literate and the average school expectancy rate is 12 years. Law Denmark Denmark is a constitutional monarchy, with the Queen fulfilling the role of head of state, and the government formed out of the parliament. Denmark has a unicameral (single chamber) parliament, with deputies elected through a system of proportional representation, though each member also represents a constituency. (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Demark) The political system of Denmark is a multi-party structure, where several parties are represented in the Parliament. Danish governments are most often minority administrations, governing with the aid of one or more supporting parties. This means that Danish politics are characterized by inter-party compromising. Since 1909 no single party has had the majority of parliamentary seats. A popularly elected parliament, Folketinget, governs the country and the prime minister, the nation’s chief political officer, usually comes from the ranks of the majority party. The Faroe Islands and Greenland come under nominal rule from Denmark. (Visit Denmark) The capital of Denmark is Copenhagen and the chief of state is Queen Margrethe II since January 14, 1972, and Heir Apparent Crown Prince Frederik, the eldest son of the monarch. The head of the government is Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen since 27 November 2001. The monarch is hereditary, however following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch. Supreme Court judges are appointed by the monarch for life terms. Criminal offenses are defined either in the special part of the Criminal Code or in separate statutes. The general conditions for imposing criminal penalties are found in the general part of the Criminal Code which also apply to separate statutes. The sanctions described in the general part of the Criminal Code are the same whether the criminal offense consists of a violation of the Criminal Code or of separate statutes. The substantive Danish criminal law is monistic, meaning that violations of the law never have been divided into categories like felony/misdemeanor, crime/delicts or the like. It does not mean, however, that major offenses are treated in the same manner as petty offenses in all respects. (Ravn, Lene) The age of criminal responsibility is 15 years old. According to the Criminal Code the mere possession of narcotic drugs is criminalized. However, the law is not enforced regarding possession of very small amounts meant for the drug addict’s own consumption. Possession and selling is penalized in a special law on drugs containing the possibility of imprisonment for a period of up to two years. Serious cases of trafficking of drugs are punished with imprisonment within a range of one month to ten years according to the Criminal Code. Venezuela Venezuela’s political system is a Federal Republic. The current Venezuelan constitution was adopted in 1999. Important changes were made regarding the structure of the government as well as in human rights and community participation. Since the approval by referendum of this constitution, the government consists of five branches, the Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Citizen and Electoral. The Executive Branch: The President and his cabinet. The President is elected by universal, direct and secret ballot for a six-year term. The President may be re-elected for one additional consecutive term only. Legislative: One chamber National Assembly composed by 165 deputies elected for a five- year term. Deputies may be re-elected for up to one additional consecutive term. Judiciary: The new constitution renamed the Supreme Court as the Supreme Tribunal of Justice. Justices are nominated by the civil society. Final appointment requires the approval of at least two thirds of the legislative branch. The Citizens Branch: Created to safeguard public ethics, to ensure respect for the principle of legality in the Administration, and to assume the defense of human rights. You read "Comparing Criminal Justice Systems: Venezuela vs Denmark" in category "Papers" The Ombudsman or Defender of the People, the Attorney General and the Comptroller General form this power The Electoral Branch: This authority is independent from other Government Branches and is appointed by nominations from the civil society. Administrative Division: 22 states, 1 federal district and the federal dependencies. State Governors are elected for a four-year term and may be re-elected for one additional consecutive term only. Most Venezuelans are Roman Catholic. The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion. All faiths have churches and people may worship freely. Venezuela’s people result from the mingling of European, Amerindian, and African cultures. Traditionally a haven for people of all origins, Venezuela received large waves of immigrants from Europe following World War II and from other Latin American and Caribbean nations during the 1970s. (Embassy) The Venezuelan chief of state and head of government is President Hugo Chavez Frias since February 3, 1999. The Executive Vice President Ramon Alonzo Carrizalez Rengifo since 4 January 2008. The Venezuelan Penal Code distinguishes between crimes, punishable by imprisonment, and misdemeanors (faltas), punishable by arrests or fines. In the Penal Code, crimes are classified by major types, as follows: * Crimes against national sovereignty and national security — treason; crimes against national and state government; crimes against international law * Crimes against liberty — crimes against political, personal, religious freedom, etc. Corruption — these are defined in a special anti-corruption law, enacted in 1982 * Crimes against the administration of justice — simulating crimes, false testimony, collusion, concealment, etc. * Crimes against public order — conspiracy to commit crime; incitement to crime; manufacture and carrying of weapons, etc. * For gery — false currency; forged seals, fiscal stamps, documents, passports, licenses, etc. * Crimes against public and private interests — arson, causing floods, etc. gainst public health and nutrition * Crimes against public morals and the family — rape, seduction, prostitution, corrupting minors, adultery, bigamy, etc. * Crimes against persons — homicide, battery, abortion, abandoning children, slander, etc. * Crimes against property — theft, robbery, extortion, kidnapping, fraud, etc. (Birkbeck, Christopher) Until 1998, the age of criminal responsibility was 18. In that year, a new Children’s Code (Venezuela, 1998c) established criminal responsibility for adolescents (ages 12 to 17). However, the adolescent criminal justice system is administratively separate from the adult criminal justice system. Adolescents who turn 18 during adjudication or sentencing continue under the adolescent justice system. (Birkbeck) Police Denmark The state police is a department of the Ministry of Justice. There is no longer a municipal police and the military police only has authority over soldiers according to the Military Criminal Code. Denmark is divided into 54 police districts (excluding the Faeroe Islands and Greenland), each headed by a local chief of police. The National Commissioner reports to the Minister of Justice. For administrative purposes the police are subdivided into plain-clothes criminal investigators, uniformed patrolmen, traffic police officers, immigration police, and other categories. (Ravn) The common police of Denmark consist of 12 districts each managed by a director and two minor districts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands, run by a chief of police. The mission statement of the Danish police is as follows: The police must work in order to ensure security, safety, peace and order in the society. The police must promote this purpose through preventive, helping and enforcing work. In addition to the regular districts, there are three other organizations that work outside the common police. Rigspolitiet is the state national police for Denmark. Politiets Efterretningstjeneste, also called PET, is the national security intelligence agency of Denmark. The agency focuses solely upon domestic security while foreign intelligence operations are handled by Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste – an intelligence branch under the Danish military. The stated overall purpose of PET is to prevent, investigate and counter operations and activities that pose or may pose a threat to the preservation of Denmark as a free, democratic and safe country. The three main duties of the PET are counter terrorism, counter extremism and counter espionage. Politiets Aktionsstyrke (AKS) is the Special Forces unit of the Danish police; a national SWAT team. It is meant to handle extraordinarily difficult or life-threatening criminal situations, such as terrorism, hostage situations, and kidnapping. It also deals with emergency rescue situations that would be too dangerous for others to handle. The AKS holds responsibility for all anti-terror and counter-terrorism missions in Denmark. (Wikipedia) New recruits are required to be in good physical condition; good personal and economic condition, and should have achieved good grades in school. New recruits are usually required to be between 21 and 29 years of age, of Danish citizenship or have applied for Danish nationality/citizenship, and without any convictions. The basic training of police personnel takes 3 years. The training comprises both school education and training of a more practical nature. School education, which consists of 2 courses of 8 months each, takes place at the Police Academy in Copenhagen. The rest of the training time is spent on the job. The Police Academy also presents special courses and leadership courses. All chiefs of police hold a master’s degree in law from a university. (Ravn) Venezuela The national Venezuelan police are the Cuerpo Tecnico de Policia Judicial, or PTJ. They were founded almost immediately after the overthrow of Dictator Marcos Perez Jiminez in 1958. The PTJ is the primary judicial police force in the country, charged with the reception of crime reports made by citizens, the investigation of crimes, gathering of evidence and arrest of suspects. In all these tasks, the PTJ is subordinated to the public prosecutor’s office. Administratively, the PTJ is attached to the Ministry of the Interior and Justice. The national headquarters are in Caracas, and there is one office in each state capital, with additional offices in some other cities. The PTJ’s name was recently changed to the National Directorate of Criminal Investigation. The traffic police (Cuerpo Tecnico de Vigilancia del Transito y Transporte Terrestre), administratively attached to the Ministry of Infrastructure, are responsible for surveillance, preliminary investigation and occasionally arresting suspects, in traffic offenses that involve violations of the criminal law. The state police are responsible for patrol work and public order, arrests (when offenders are caught in the act), and community service. They may also serve as auxiliary judicial police. Each force is regulated by a local Police Code. To further complicate the institutional environment, state police forces are also coordinated by an office in the Ministry of the Interior and Justice that compiles selected statistics and sets guidelines for internal procedures. Beginning in 1990, wealthier municipalities in the country’s largest cities set up municipal police forces. By July 2001, there were 77 municipal forces in the country. They are attached to the mayors’ offices and regulated by the state’s Police Code and by municipal ordinance. With so many different uniformed police forces, there are obviously difficulties in coordination and efficiency. For that reason, since at least 1977 there have been diverse proposals to create a unified national police force. The most recent is the National Police Law, which is currently being debated in the National Assembly. This law would join all uniformed police forces (state, Capital District, municipal), together with the traffic police, into one national force. (Birkbeck) Courts Denmark The independent courts constitute a part of the division of power in Denmark. Generally speaking, cases are dealt with in the first instance by a local or city court; appeals against the judgments of city courts are made to one of the country’s two High Courts. A few big cases and cases touching on administrative matters are dealt with by one of the high courts in the first instance. The highest court in Denmark is the Supreme Court, and the Queen appoints judges. (Ministry) The Danish Supreme Court is the highest civil and criminal court responsible for the administration of justice in Denmark. The Kingdom of Denmark, consisting of Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, does not have a single unified judicial system – Denmark has one system, Greenland another and the Faroe Island a third. However, ecisions by the highest courts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands may be appealed to the Danish High Courts. Venezuela Venezuela has three types of main courts: Trial courts: The 395 trial courts are divided into first instance trial courts and instructional criminal courts. In addition, 667 departmental and municipal courts are assigned the lowest level cases. Superior Courts: There are 173 Superior courts that primarily act as interme diate appellate courts. The dispersion of these courts throughout the country is based on population and political needs. Supreme Court: The Supreme Court is the court of last resort. It is composed of 15 justices who each serve a nine-year term. This Court is divided into three chambers: civil, criminal, and civil rights. (Salas, Luis) They also have several types of special courts: Military Courts: Military courts exercise a considerable amount of authority since their jurisdiction extends to all crimes committed by members of the armed forces and on-duty police officers. Many persons have criticized this system, viewing it as a barrier to the successful prosecution of human rights abuses committed by the police and military. Military courts extend their jurisdiction to civilians accused of crimes under the military code, for example treason or subversion. Anti-corruption Court: The anti-corruption court (Tribunal de Salvaguardia Del Patrimonio Publico) was established with specific and sometimes extraordinary powers, to investigate and punish corruption. While corruption cases may be tried in the first instance by the traditional court system, these special courts have second instance jurisdiction. They also serve as trial courts for cases involving corruption by high-level officials. Even though their jurisdictional powers are extensive, they have been afforded meager resources to carry out their responsibilities. Family/Juvenile Courts: Another set of courts handle family matters and juvenile cases. Juveniles are processed through special courts and then remanded to juvenile correctional facilities. (Salas) Corrections Denmark In Denmark, the correctional service controls 15 prisons, one institution for inmates needing psychiatric treatment, and 40 local jails. Five of the prisons and the psychiatric institution are closed in that they are secured by an external ring wall as well as by internal precautions like secured buildings, and electronic security systems combined with relatively dense staffing. The staff does not carry arms. Being used as remand detention institutions, the local jails are also closed. The remaining nine prisons are open institutions which actually means that the inmates are physically able to leave the institution. Two of the closed prisons have both male and female inmates. In one of these prisons there is cohabitation between men and women within units. There are also two open prison departments for women. While serving his sentence the inmate is obliged to work for which he is paid a small hourly salary. The prison administration tries to ensure that the working places equate those found in modern society. In order to encourage inmates to educate themselves the same amount is paid to inmates who choose to go to the prison school instead of going to work. The prison provides health care and necessary dental care. Sick inmates will be hospitalized in ordinary hospitals. The policies of the correctional service are governed by the following three principles: A. Normalization. As a starting point the inmate is placed in the open prison closest to his home in order to preserve family contacts and to pave the way for a gradual release from the prison. There must be specific reasons for instituting control of inmates’ correspondence. Visits by next-of-kin take place in secluded visiting rooms with a couch. In the open prisons weekend leaves are granted every third week to prisoners with a low risk of recidivism. A prisoner in a closed institution may obtain similar rights to weekend leave when he has served one fourth of his sentence. At some time during incarceration about one third of the prisoners in closed prisons are granted occasional leaves. The total number of leaves per year is about 57,000. More than half of these are so-called work leaves where an inmate leaves the prison to go to work or to take part in educational activities in society. B. Self-administration. The inmate is responsible for his own daily life. Important elements of this approach are that food must be bought and cooked by the inmate to which end he is paid a fixed amount of money per day. The inmate is also responsible for his personal hygiene, clothes’ laundry and repair. The prison encourages the inmates to make meaningful use of leisure hours by providing opportunity for sports and other structuralized activities. C. Release on parole and after-care. According to a provision of the Criminal Code more than 90% of the inmates are released on parole after having served two thirds of their sentences. Almost 10% of these will be released after serving between one half and two thirds of the time, due to special grounds. Royal pardon is possible according to the Constitution, but rare. Outside of imprisonment for life which necessitates the use of pardoning, royal pardon is more commonly used in connection with short-term sentences where the convicted cannot endure the prison stay because of severe illness or the like. In such cases the pardon is normally conditioned on the payment of a fine. (Dr. Winslow, Robert) Venezuela Typical penalties in Venezuela include fines, restitution, probation, and incarceration. Some crimes carry mandatory prison sentences which prohibit early release. The death penalty in Venezuela was abolished in the mid 1860s. The prison population in Venezuela is 40% over its stated capacity. Overcrowding is regarded as a primary factor in the high level of violence within prisons, which resulted in an average of 3 prisoner deaths per week in 1992. Venezuela, like many of its Latin American countries, has incorporated the United Nation’s â€Å"Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners† in its national legislation. However, a recent human rights director of the Venezuelan Attorney General’s Office has criticized the conditions of the nation’s prisons. As a consequence of government neglect, the prisoners live in overcrowded and unhealthy quarters, without access to education, and lacking incentives to seek jobs once they are released. (Salas) References Birkbeck, Christopher Venezuela World Fact Book of Criminal Justice Systems http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfcjsvz. txt CIA: World Fact Book https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/da. html Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela In the United States of America http://www. embavenezus. org/? pagina=kids. venezuela/political. system. tm=Venezuela%20for%20Kids Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark http://www. ambmoskva. um. dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/danish+political+and+social+affairs/ Ravn, Lene Denmark World Fact Book of Criminal Justice Systems http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjden. txt Salas, Luis Florida International University Venezuela World Fact Book of Criminal Justice http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjve n. txt Visit Denmark http://www. visitdenmark. com/uk/en-gb/menu/turist/turistinformation/fakta-az/ Wikipedia www. en. wikipedia. org Dr. Winslow, Robert San Diego State University Crime and Society How to cite Comparing Criminal Justice Systems: Venezuela vs Denmark, Papers

Racism in The Secret Life of Bees free essay sample

Racism was a way of life in the South during the time frame of The Secret Life of Bees. At many times in the novel the reader is shown how racism affects each character in the novel. Racism is shown through Rosaleen and Lily’s arrest, Lily and Zach’s love affair, and also June’s dislike towards Lily. Many characters in the novel come to experience racism or discrimination directly. Very early in the novel, Rosaleen gets into trouble with some men, and the events that take place influence the entire novel. While Lily and Rosaleen were walking a few white men make racial remarks towards Rosaleen. Rosaleen, being the stand up, independent woman that she is, calmly poured her spit juice in their shoes. The men demanded an apology, but her pride would not allow her to do so. In response to Rosaleen’s refusal, the men beat her to the point of hospitalization. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in The Secret Life of Bees or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even in front of the police officer that came to bring in the girls in, the men slashed Rosaleen’s head open. Not only did he let the man hurt Rosaleen, but he didn’t punish him in any way. What she did was wrong but the beating that she received for it was not necessary, nor was it necessary for her to be thrown into jail. It was very obvious that the reason that Rosaleen was taken into custody was because she was black. Lily was so naive; she thought that just because a police was with them, nothing bad could happen. This was the first time Lily had witnessed racism and the cruelty and harsh effects that came along with it. Also, T. Ray got Lily out of jail but left Rosaleen to fend for herself. The very fact that he didn’t get the woman who practically raised her out of jail angered her to the point of standing up to T. Ray, which is near suicide. The events that unraveled were very significant and were an eye opener for innocent Lily. She knew racism was real, but she never thought it would ever affect her or her beloved Rosaleen. Later on in the novel, Lily meets a black boy names Zach. Zach lives in a pink house with The Calendar Sisters who took Lily and Rosaleen in. Lily and Zach’s friendship slowly evolved into a deep seated love affair. They both knew they had feelings for each other, but they also knew it was impossible that their relationship would be any more than hidden kisses and cute looks. In that place and time, it was unheard of that a white girl and a black boy be together. In the eyes of others, it was an abomination to be in an interracial relationship; Lily and Zach had to come to accept this fact. One of the Calendar Sisters, June, also cause trouble with Lily. From day one, Lily could tell June was not too fond of her. In her very first few days, Lily over hears a conversation between August and June. August is trying to convince June that they need to let Lily and Rosaleen stay with them. In response to Augustt trying to open June’s mind, June’s excuse for not wanting Lily to be there is, â€Å"But she is white. † Lily was taken aback by this; she had never in her life thought that she, being white, could be discriminates against. Lily could not believe that June did not want her there because of her skin color. Racism took over many people’s lives in The South in the 1960s, and it was a terrible thing that ended many people’s lives. It was a serious problem that added on to the hardships that African Americans were dealing with at that time. In The Secret Life of Bees, Sue Monk Kidd allows her characters to experience and be affected by it.

Differences between Chinese and American culture essays

Differences between Chinese and American culture essays We might think that Chinese and Americans are totally different people. Not only the way they look different, but also the different cultures. So, what are the differences between Chinese and American culture? Most Chinese families like to cook the meals at home. The family members sit around the table and share the dishes on the table together. Even when they are having their meals in restaurants, they eat in the same way too. But in America, just part of the Americans have their meal at home with their family members. That's common for them to take fast food as their meals, especially teenagers. They love to hang out and have meals with their friends, instead of their families. These actually shows that Chinese care about family union much more than Americans do. In China, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are three ideologies which have greatly influenced the Chinese, such as the importance of education, respecting the elderly and parents, respecting the ghost and the gods in order to be well-being and the wheel of life. On the other hand, most of the Americans believe in Christianity and Catholic. The Christians and Catholics often pray to God. They believe that God blesses them and they will be sent to heaven after they died. We can see that the ideologies that people believe are quite different between Chinese and Americans. Due to the great influence of Confucianism, the Chinese always treat the elderly and their parents with respect. Unlike the Americans, the Chinese will not call the names of their parents. That is kind of impolite behavior for the Chinese. As the Americans like to treat their parents as friends, they often show their emotion and tell their opinions quite straight-out while the Chinese prefer not to say but just hide in heart. In comparison, the Americans are more open-minded while the Chinese are quite conservative. In the end, I would say that both cultures have their beauty and s...

How to Answer the Most-Asked Customer Service Interview Question

How to Answer the Most-Asked Customer Service Interview Question If you’re applying for a customer service position, you should be prepared to defend your commitment to the profession and its values. That’s why most customer service interviews will throw at you the popular question, â€Å"What does customer service mean to you?† This question is meant to weed out the employees who will be passionate about excellent customer service from everybody else. You definitely want to be in that first category.Here are some strategies for how to prove your passion.What to Emphasize in Your AnswerYou’ll want to emphasize, first and foremost, your previous experience. Maybe tell a story from a past job or scenario in which your skills are particularly visible, one that shows your commitment to the relevant ideals.You should also frame your answer from the point of view of the consumer.Be sure to display an awareness of the product or service in question, as well as whatever experience you have that would be particularly suited to t hat company.Make sure to mention something about efficiency, good attitude, and problem-solving skills- particularly under fire.Prepare a substantive answer so you’re not stuck breezing through the most important question of your interview.What to Avoid in Your AnswerBe careful not to bring up any negative experiences you might have had- though we’ve all had them.You must not speak negatively of former bosses- or, especially, customers.Also be sure not to downplay any of your strengths or skills.Anatomy of a Sample AnswerFirst talk about the  importance of a positive attitude, going above and beyond. Then move on to discussing  the importance of knowing the job and the product inside and out, and  being the most valuable liaison and give the customer everything they need. Finally, end with some sort of anecdote that emphasizes your skills in action. You’re sure to get bonus points if you sell your interviewer on how you would bring and keep businesses for the company by keeping their customers sweet.Be confident, and stress your commitment to the company and the profession. Good luck!

Analysis of a Business Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of a Business Narrative - Essay Example Both, Baidu and Google history describes the story of their origins. However, narrative style adapted to describe their history of origination by both companies, is quite different (Reissman, 1993). It is very important for any narrative to have a plot, a central idea, theme on which the entire construction of narration relies. The plot for business narratives can change according to the customer’s response and needs for that particular company. For example, if a company wants to build an emotional connection with its customers, it will try to make the narrative empathetic and would demonstrate the understanding of emotional, social and cultural values. Similarly, if a company emphasizes on the product, it will focus on its product development procedure and how that product can help provide the consumers with the solutions they want (Fritz, 2008). By keeping the above mentioned key point. Baidu search engine narrative and Google timeline is analyzed. Baidu narrative chooses an emotional plot. It shows cultural connection through one of the poem of the Song Dynasty. Then it further describes, as to how this search engine is best suited to the Chinese people as it is sensitive to the various nuances of the Chinese language. Consequently, Google narrative also builds an emotional connection with its consumers, but the style varies. ... The way the story of Google’s initial years is written, it develops a sense of familiarity for American youth. Almost every university student and graduate in America can identify the sentiments for aims, fears, and unleashed zeal to achieve targets and to find a person who shares the same dream as yours and who works along to fulfill those dreams. The story for Google tells the consumer how this conglomerate was started as a university project by two students, who were no different than the average student today. Thus, it develops a relation of similarity with it users by describing the originators as average students. The timeline mentions every person who has been associated with Google in its initial years, even the cook. This shows the emphasis on the element of respect and contribution for even the smallest participation by people who chose to believe in the company at a time when there was no guarantee of success. By telling the story of its inception in a simple manner and recognizing the input of every person, Google conveys the idea of valuing its employees and their contribution even if it’s of a meager kind. Thus, Google considers its employees as an asset, which are important enough to be mentioned in its history. The company conveys the idea of following one’s dream, even if there are numerous hardships and obstacles along the way. The story of Google is a perfect example of how a small startup, which started in a garage, has now become the world’s largest search engine. The company went against the odds, and even though there was competition present in the form of Yahoo and MSN, Google still managed to create a place for itself. Google’s startup and its values represent American culture from which

Political Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Islam - Essay Example As a consequence, the only recourse left to a woman was to be a wife or a whore1. Whether this is an overstatement largely remains to the interpretation of an individual differently. Nevertheless, there is one thing for sure that many arguments propounded by men will be filled by biases and stereotyping. Paradoxically, the society we live in has come to agree with some of these fallacies conceived about women. Ironically, most people normally find solution in religion but Islam as a dominant religion offers so little protection for the woman. Qasim wonders why the same men would go such a long way to demean women. He observes that although men tend to discriminate against women based on their ignorance2, their mothers, wives, sisters, and daughters are not included in the same category. Qasim goes on to ponder whether a man’s happiness can be complete without women. Qasim also notes that out of their ego, men deprive themselves of the greatest delight in the world3 Scholars se em to have noticed that the most affected person is a woman who confesses Islam as faith. It should be noted that Islam has only been used here as an example but not as to attack its dogma. Mahfouz notes in the book Palace Walk, the plight of women especially under brutal and irresponsible husband. According to Mahfouz, husbands have failed to play their roles as husbands and consequently left women at the temptation of developing bad habit to supplement the missing part of their married life. Mahfouz notes on the very first page how women would do anything just to keep their men happy. The first victim of abuse Mahfouz presents is Amina. Amina has no alarm clock to wake her up at midnight to wait for her husbands return. She has a duty to welcome back her husband who allegedly goes for evening entertainment every evening4. It is past midnight and as a good wife, Amina struggles to keep awake so that after she has served her husband food she can go to bed. On personal qualities, Mah fouz presents Amina as a beautiful and obedient woman. She was married at the age of fourteen, implying that her education came abruptly to an end. Nonetheless, one cannot fail to notice that Amina was a bright woman. Her effort to try and correct her husband had not been taken kindly. The first time Amina had objected to her husbands night outs, his response had been to seize him by the ears and yell at her that he was the master. He had said, â€Å"I am a man. I am the one who commands and forbids. I will not accept any criticism of my behavior. All I will ask of you is to obey me. Don’t force me to discipline you.†5 Since then, Amina had opted to leave that issue unaddressed. However, for how long was she going to assume that all is well when her husband induced that through fear and a show of power? In fact, Amina became convinced that true manliness, tyranny, and staying out until midnight were common characteristics of single entity. Like most women whose rights were annexed by their men, Amina was already between the devil and the deep sea. Mahfouz has portrayed Jalila the vocalist as irresistible. She easily goes with different men at different times, a perfect picture of beauty who was herself a victim of tyranny of manliness. It is ironical that even Sultana attends the performances, which were in many cases characterized by immorality. For Jalila, it was business as usual as long as the fire was burning. It is

Critical And Reflective Thinking In Schools Education Essay

Critical And Reflective Thinking In Schools Education Essay The literatures review the literature of current main approaches to teaching philosophy in schools, particularly in the United Kingdom. Dictionaries correctly, inspiringly, but unhelpfully define philosophy as love of wisdom, but a better definition would be reflective and critical inquiryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.A training in critical and reflective thought, a training in handling ideas, is of the essence in this new and demanding environment. Philosophy thus provides both the individual development and enrichment, and a bright set of apt intellectual tools for meeting the worlds challenges Grayling 2008: viii Over the past ten years there has been a growing interest in developing approaches to help pupils develop their reflective and critical skills in order to help them cope with the challenges of modern life. In the UK primary schools keen on developing these skill have employed three distinct approaches i) Thinking Skills ii) Inquiry based Philosophy and less commonly iii) Academic Philosophy. This chapter begins with an outline of the context to the interest in creative and critical thinking and then continues with a review and evaluation of the literature of the three approaches. 2.1.2 Context There has been an increasing interest in developing thinking skills which stem from the changing opinions of the skills needed in modern society (Rose 1997; Abbot and Ryan, 2000). One of the stated values and purposes of the National Curriculum in England and Wales is that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ education must enable us to respond positively to the opportunities and challenges of the rapidly changing world in which we live and work. In particular, we need to be prepared to engage as individuals, parents, workers and citizens with economic, social and cultural change, including the continued globalisation of the economy and society, with new work and leisure patterns and with the rapid expansion of communication technologies. Increasingly, countries in Europe, have reduced the requirements to teach a body of knowledge and have promoted the use of transferrable skills such as critical and creative thinking and problem solving to develop deep learning and life skills relevant for the 21st Century (MacBeath 1999; Scottish Executive Department 2000). Abbot Ryan (2000) and Powney Lowden (date) contend the need for this change of emphasis in education is also recognised by employers who wish to have flexible and adaptable workers who have an open mind to change and a commitment to lifelong learning However, the aim to improve critical and creative thinking without specialised programmes may be limited according to recent study findings. The Study of Interactive Learning (SPRINT) project (Hargreaves Moyles 2002) showed that teachers increased the ratio of their questions to statements. However, pupil responses were rarely extended and dialogue remained dominated and controlled by the teacher. Hargreaves and Moyles expressed reservations about the limited demand for extended thinking in the National Literacy Strategy in England and other areas of the curriculum. Black and Wiliam (1998) concluded that challenging pupils to think independently and explore understanding through thoughtful reflective dialogue were central requirements for raising standards, but he adds a note of caution: there is no quick fix with promises of rapid rewards. Watkins (2001) analysed 66 studies and concluded that an emphasis on learning and thinking processes improved learning performances, while an e mphasis on performance targets could depress learning performance. 2.1.3 Thinking Skills. The QCA (2004) places great emphasis on thinking skills (e.g. synthesising, analysing, evaluating and justifying) and attitudes (e.g. open-mindedness and respect for all) and concepts (e.g. God goodness) in Religious Education. Lake and Needham (1995) publish a popular text-book, Top Ten Thinking Tactics and is designed to develop the capabilities of 8-10 year olds with ten cognitive strategies. Feurerstein et als (1980) Instrumental Enrichment Programme (IEP) provides decontextualised paper and pencil exercises that develop in complexity through 14 instruments. The Somerset Thinking Skills course (Blagg and others., 1988) consists of eight cognitive processes drawn from Feuersteins IEP and has the ambition of developing positive beliefs about learning to learn, strengthening problem solving ideas, communication and self-esteem De Bonos (1987) Cognitive Research Trust (CoRT) Thinking programme aims to improve thinking skills in a series of carefully structured lessons. Research into Thinking Skills show that nearly all the thinking skills programmes and practices studied were found to make a positive difference in the achievement levels of participating students. Such studies have included Adey Shayer, 1994; Sternberg Bhana, 1996; McGuinness, 1999; Triceky 2000; Wilson, 2000. Cotton (2002) reviewed fifty-six studies and found all to varying degrees reported benefits to the pupils. Studies which looked at achievement over time found that thinking skills instruction hastened the learning gains of participants, and those with true or quasi-experimental designs generally found that experimental students outperformed control groups significantly While the research for Thinking Skills programmes produce improved results, Tickey and Topping (2004) note that few studies have entailed short or long-term follow-up. McGuinness (1999) warns that such benefits produced by these programmes may only be short-term, while Adey Shayer, 1994 optimistically suggest that perhaps there may be sleeper gains that could come into effect, long after the project has ended. However, Bonnet (date) is suspicious of the thinking skills approach which he characterises as an instrumentalist approach to empowering pupils, by the transmission of core skills. He questions whether the identified skills outlined in the programmes actually exist as discrete competencies and abilities. He is not convinced that they can be taught; separate from the world as specific skills which can then be applied to real problems. For him this creates a false separation between thinker and the world, and may even encourage us to see the environment as a resource at the service of humankind. Haynes (2002) is also critical of the thinking skills movement, regarding it as too mechanistic and favours the communities of philosophy inquiry approach If we are concerned to develop our thinking, we need to move beyond an overly structured, narrow and rigid tradition of logical thinking and argument. This is particularly the case when that type of thinking takes us always in the direction of closure, polarisation and the irreconcilable, and away from solution, decision or ambiguity and suspended judgement. Our habitual ways of thinking must allow us to live, in the full sense of the word, with rapid change and uncertainty, with unprecedented adjustments in time and motion as well as with the ordinariness of everyday life, with highly intelligent technology and with the enormous power of information management. (Haynes 2002: 40) The community of philosophic inquiry may offer a way out of instrumentalism as it still offers critical thinking as it claims to offer the virtues of offer a more philosophic approach to problem solving (Delghausen: 2004). 2.1.4 Community of philosophical inquiry The idea of community is a central theme in current educational practice and appears in a wide range of approaches. Community of learners (Rogoff, Matusovn White, 1996), classroom community (Bridges 1995), Community of practice (Wenger 1998) are examples of this. The idea of a community of philosophical inquiry began with the work of Pierce (date). Pierce, a scientist and philosopher had the goal of bringing scientific rigour and logic to philosophy. Pierce (date), a pragmatist rejected the dominance of Cartesianism in modern philosophy, whereby the lone mind can reflect on the world and uncover truth by the process of reasoning. The philosopher/scientist assertedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.to make single individuals absolute judges of truth is most pernicious (Pierce: 229) In sciences in which men come to agreement when a theory has been broached, it is considered to be on probation until this agreement is reached. After it is reached, the question of certainty becomes an idles one, because there is no one left who doubts it. We individually cannot reasonably hope to attain the ultimate philosophy which we pursue; we can only seek it, therefore, for the community of philosophers. Hence, if disciplined and candid minds carefully examine a theory and refuse to accept it, and ought to create doubts in the mind of the author of the theory himself (Pierce: 229 date page no) The community of philosophic inquiry involves a group of people joining to form a jury to judge ideas and hypothesis. Murphy (1990) explains that when the group involved in the inquiry reaches a consensus, one can speak of knowledge, truth and reality, but these concepts will be grounded in the community of inquirers, not in the individual consciousness. Pierce believed the model of production of knowledge will be refined over time by the community of inquiry and would eventually lead us to the real, that is rock-bottom reality. A popular form of community of philosophical inquiry in Germany and the Netherlands, and to a much lesser extent, England is the Socratic Method which is based on the work of Leonard Nelson (date) and Gustav Heckmann. (1981) Nelson believed the Socratic Method promoted the forcing of minds to freedom. Only persistent pressure to speak ones mind, to meet every counter-question, and to state the reasons for every assertion transforms the power of that allure into an irresible compulsion (date: page). The aim of the inquiry is to press the pupils to clearly express their thoughts, to use logic and to offer their views for critique by others. The teachers role is to use probing questions to draw out the ideas of the pupils and then to finish with a group vote to reach a majority view. A community of inquiry approach, Philosophy for Children (P4C) was pioneered in America by Mathew Lipman in the 1960s at Montclaire State University in New Jersey and was further refined by Gareth Matthews at the University of Massachusetts. Lipman (2003) used Pierces idea of a community of inquiry as the central methodology for philosophy lessons with children, and he also shared Pierces pragmatism in his approach. In addition, he drew on theories of John Dewey (1916), a pragmatist philosopher, who believed in the need of educating pupils to play an active role in democracy. For Dewey (employing the theories of Vygotskys socio-constructivist perspective), the importance of drawing on pupils interests and using real-life contexts were key in devising a pedagogy for citizenship. Lipman was disappointed with his students during the political unrest of 1968 that spread too many universities in America. He believed his students were unable to engage critically to the events that had begu n in Paris in that year. Lipman (2003) believed the younger generation needed to acquire deeper thinking skills for them to democratically resolve the many problems emerging in society. Lipman felt that schools should begin a structured approach to develop the necessary skills for democracy and proposed teaching philosophy to pupils as young as six or seven years old. He devised a teaching programme, Philosophy for Children which contained lessons and stories to start philosophical inquiry. The programme aims to develop pupils creative, caring and collaborative skills (Lipman 2003). Typically philosophy sessions (usually called inquiries) begin with a stimulus which could be a short story, poem, object or music and pupils are encouraged to think of philosophical questions. An early pioneer in the UK, Karin Murris developed picture books as she found Lipmans stories dated (Murris and Haynes 2000). A vote is taken on the most favoured question and the inquiry is chaired by a facilitat or whose purpose is to encourage a skilful and democratic debate. Jones (2008), a P4C trainer notes the aim of the inquiry is not to reach a consensus but rather to allow pupils the experience of collaborative dialogue and to deepen their thinking skills. Disagreements are treated as valuable opportunities to learn to respect different points of view. The P4C approach to philosophy does not require a formal qualification in the subject and can be taught to teachers in a few days. It has attracted a dedicated and enthusiastic following worldwide. It has spread across the world to such locations as Australia, China, South Korea, Mexico, Norway and South Africa. P4C continues to grow in popularity over the past two decades and particularly since the governments Excellence and Enjoyment (2006) paper whereby schools are encouraged to develop more creativity and innovation in teaching and learning approaches. Sutcliff (2006)states that in England and Wales that approximately 2000 primary schools offer P4C, together with 200 secondary schools (ICPIC: 2006) . Catherine McCall maintains that 10,000 children are involved in P4C lessons in Scotland, (http://sophia.eu.org). Teaching philosophy to children is promoted in the UK by the Society for the Advancement of Philosophical Enquiry and Reflection in Education (SAPHRE), which advocates intellectually rigorous communal dialogic inquiry into central, common and contestable concepts. A flagship school for the UK is Galleons Primary School, London which promotes a video that enthusiastically contends the use of P4C has been the most significant factor in helping the school achieve an outstanding OFSTED report. The video repeatedly reminds us that the outstanding OFSTED grade has been achieved despite the fact the intake draws on those who live in social housing. The inspectors note:quote Sternberg and Bhana (1996) studied twenty evaluation studies of P4C and expressed reservations over the many positive benefits cited. They argued that most of the evaluations lacked a firm control group. They write: issues of subject drop-out, class selection durability, transfer, subject population, and experimenter bias were generally not addressed. Statistical analysis was often reported in only the most minimal detail: in some cases, significance levels were presented with no descriptive or inferential statistics (Sternberg and Bhana: 1996 64) However, despite their reservations they were favourably disposed toward the data reported. They acknowledged the improved gains on verbal tests of critical thinking skills and believed that P4C and similar programmes were more stimulating and motivating than most thinking skills programmes. Fisher (1999) argues that it is problematic to evaluate P4C because it has a wide variety of objectives and therefore is unsuitable to be fairly judged by most evaluative instruments. Barron and Sternberg, (1987) support this view, noting that Lipman constantly changed the criteria he used to evaluate P4C which included, the ability of students to provide examples to support their views, to be able articulate a challenge to a peer, to ask probing questions, to use their own experience to justify a view and the ability to look for connections. Lacewing (2007) distinguishes P4C from academic philosophy by highlighting the role of product. He claims that each P4C inquiry begins anew and the product is very provisional and has the tendency to result in a reinvention of the wheel, Whilst academic philosophy incorporates the philosophical skills of P4C, it has the advantage of drawing upon a wide range of philosophers to deepen or broaden the inquiry. I agree with Lacewing and with Rorty (date) who notes, access to knowledge of key philosophers and philosophical movement, allows the philosopher to be aware of all the moves and arguments. The influence of Deweys self-discovery methods is strong in the inquiry approach, and whilst the practice of exploring thinking by first-hand experience is vital, the movement, I believe underplays the roll of enriching thinking by tapping into the ideas of present and past philosophers. Wilson (cited in Murris 2007a) differentiates P4C by stressing the abstraction and the higher-order thinking and reasoning of the latter. Academic philosophy is underpinned by abstract philosophising about general principles. P4C is marked, he upholds, by philosophizing about concrete examples. Wilson (date) argues that P4C suffers from educational ideology. That is, it assumes that philosophy is merely questioning, reasoning and inquiry. Yet not all reasoning, questioning and inquiry are philosophic. 2 .1.5 Academic Philosophy I shall use the term academic philosophy as the study of critical and reflective thinking taught with reference to philosophers, philosophical vocabulary and key ideas. According to mmmmm(date) pupils learn the skills of creative and critical thinking but are also able be able to link their ideas to the broader tradition the subject. The UK Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) and Eurydice at the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) hold records of the curriculum syllabuses offered in 20 economically developed countries. The countries are: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hungry, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the USA and Wales (www.inca.org.uk). None of these countries offers philosophy as a national subject for the primary and lower-secondary age-range. In Brazil, however philosophy is a compulsory subject in most secondary and in some primary schools. In 2004 in Norway White Paper has suggested introducing philosophy as a statutory subject. The subject is being tested in primary and secondary schools. In countries where the subject is taught, it usually offered as an optional subject for the post-compulsory age group. Enrolment rates for this course are usually a few the total student population (Hand Winstanley 2008). For instance in the U.K. there is only one public examination board offering Advance Level General Certificate of Education in philosophy. In 2007, only 3,001 students finished the course, with a further 2,009 in the same year completing a critical thinking course (which has a large philosophy module). .With so few pupils studying academic philosophy in secondary schools, it is unsurprising there is a limited amount of literature of teaching academic philosophy in primaries. However there are some materials for those wishing to develop academic philosophy for the 7-11 age group: The few teachers who train in philosophy have specialised at the upper-end of secondary schools and therefore they have not had an opportunity to influence or share good practice in the primary sector. The popularity of P4C and Thinking Skills is due to the fact that teachers can receive some initial brief training (typically 1-3 days) and can begin lessons immediately. Few teachers in primary schools would have a degree in the subject and in England there is no national organisation dedicated to teaching academic philosophy to this age group. However, in England a small group of pioneers (based around the Philosophy Shop company) who are enthusiastic about academic (or as they call it practical) philosophy and regard P4C as a dilution of the discipline. Worley (2008) is an enthusiastic promoter of practical philosophy, which he regards as real philosophy and for him; the second-best choice is P4C. He is the director of a commercial website The Philosophy Shop and offers training courses in teaching philosophy for those with a background in the subject. Unlike P4C training which is intended for trained teachers, Worleys courses are aimed at philosophers who wish to be employed as peripatetic teachers in schools. He makes the distinction between inquiry (which he regards as the concern of P4C) and practical philosophy which should only be taught by educators qualified in the discipline. He acknowledges the work of Lipmans and uses many of his ideas to promote inquiries but he feels it is important to introduce pupils to canonical philosophers and some of the key questions posed by the subject, . His claims that his work with children (currently he teaches in 13 primary schools) shows that they can develop a range of philosophical skills and competencies. These include: conceptual analysis; abstract thinking, generality, complex reasoning, non-empirical reasoning, an understanding of the history of philosophy and the ability to revaluate (2008). I believe the work of Worley and his colleagues offer a fruitful avenue of inquiry to develop philosophy. I agree with Worley that it important to have good subject knowledge of philosophy to teach it effectively. Indeed, a teacher should be knowledgeable about any subject he or she teachers, and I do not feel an exception should be made with philosophy. I also agree with him that philosophy should developed in the spirit of Socrates be concerned with helping us to live the good life by exploring ones values. Philosophy lessons should focus on issues to help pupils that children can apply to their daily lives and to get them thinking about their role as future citizens. However, the drawback of teaching academic philosophy, the history of the famous dead may end up being a dry subject. However, I believe Worleys (2008) instincts are correct in his acknowledgment of the strengths of Lipmans philosophical inquiry approach. Despite the limitations of inquiry methods, the strength is the varied and stimulating teaching methods that have been developed over the past forty years. Since they have been designed for the non-specialist, care has been placed into developing a pedagogical approach that works with pupils. Thus the use of their materials and courses with gives advice on useful information such as introductory games, suitable literature and other starting points, developing pupils responses, assessment and leading an inquiry. SAPHERE run a website that provides teachers with ideas and an opportunity for teachers to network, and to share good practice with one another. I agree with Worley that the next key ingredient is a teacher who loves the subj ect of philosophy and who can relate the responses of children to the wider thoughts of the tradition. This avoids the reinvention of the wheel and allows those pupils drawn to the subject to consult philosophical texts to deepen their understanding. Worelys practical philosophy, the inquiry approach and aspects of thinking skills have much to offer. I support their goal of producing more responsible and caring citizens who are able to take an active part in (as AC Grayling puts it) meeting the worlds challenges (2008). However, I believe this cannot be achieved by better thinking alone, but instead we need to develop a critical awareness of the largely hidden role that power has to play in the generation of knowledge or truth claims. The philosophies of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault have done much to bring to our attention the way power, disguised as truth or common sense restricts our capacity to think or express innovative thoughts. Chapter 3 contains an account of the theories of Foucault and Derrida This variant of philosophy would keep the core skills of the above programmes, namely reflective, reflexive critical thinking but would include a consideration of the politics of knowledge. ,. Bonnet, M 1995 Teaching Thinking Skills and the Sanctity of Content, Journal of Philosophy of Education, 29 (3): 295-309 DFEE 2006 Excellence and Enjoyment De Bono, E (1987) CoRT Thinking Programme: Blagg, N., Ballinger, M. Gardner R. (1988) Somerset thinking skills course (Oxford, Basil Blackwell) Delgehausen, I., 2004 Experiences with Socratic Dialogue in primary schools in Enquiring Minds Socratic Dialogue in Education ed. Rene Saran and Barbara Neisser UK: Trenham Books Dewey J (1916) Democracy and Education. An introduction to the Philosophy of Education (1966 edn) New York: Free Press. Feuerstein R., Rand, Y., Hoffman, M., Miller, M. (1980) Instrumental enrichment: An intervention programme for cognitive modifiability (Baltimore, MD, University Park Press) Jones, H (2008) Philosophy for Children Learning Teaching Update Optimus Professional Publishing Ltd: London Hand, M., Winstanley 2008 Philosophy in Schools London: Continuum Haynes, J., Children as Philosophers Learning Through Enquiry and Dialogue in the Primary Classroom London: RoutledgeFalmer Heckmann 1981 Socratic Dialoge (In inquiring minds 5) Lake, M., Needham, M.,(1995) Top Ten thinking tactics (Birmingham, Questions Publishing Company) Law, Stephen (2006) The War for Childrens Minds London: Routledge Lipman, M (2003) Thinking in Education, Cambridge University Press Millet S, (2006) Coming in from the margins: teaching philosophy in Australian schools. Paper presented at the Philosophy in Schools: Developing a Community of Inquiry, Conference, Singapore, April 2006 (refs in Phil in schools: 162) Murris, K. and Haynes J., (2000), Storywise: Thinking Through Stories, Dialogue Work Nelson, L.,

Major Historical Developments of the Early Renaissance

According to Perry in his book, during the Middle Ages people praised the greatness of God.   They saw preparation for heaven as the most important reason for life.   The beginning of the change from the medieval outlook to a modern one is called the Renaissance, or rebirth.   It was the time of gradual change, not a sharp break in the Middle Ages.   They continued to believe in the teachings of the Church.   But to their religious beliefs they added many worldly interests and activities. During the Medieval Europe, we can say that the Church plays an important role in the society, particularly the Christian belief.   It is said that it was the foundation of medieval civilization.   It gives form, direction and unity in the society.   The people believe that the path to heaven is through the church. The church was the center of life among medieval people.   It was used as a community center.   The church services were part of medieval people’s daily lives.   The priests also play as the teacher among villagers.   They taught them the sacraments and teachings of the church.   They provided services among the villagers like mass, provided care for the needy and sick, and taught children Latin.   The Monks and Nuns were the finest examples of the Christian way of life according to the people during this period. One contribution to civilizations of the Middle Ages was that the convents and monasteries during this time established hospitals and provided shelter for travelers.   It is also consider as the center of learning.   They converted pagans to Christianity.   Mendicants were visible in towns and even on open roads. They preach and they meet their needs by begging.   Among those mendicants were Franciscans, Poor Clares and the Dominicans.   The Dominicans main goal was not only to preach but also to convert every individual. The Church during this time insisted that people should obey the rules and doctrines of the Church in order to reached heaven. They tried to persuade heretics to return to the fold.   If that failed, it would threaten them with excommunication.   An excommunicated person would be expelled from the church and denied the sacraments.   In the Age of Faith no punishment could be worse than this one. Renaissance Renaissance is the term used during the beginning of change from the medieval outlook to a modern one; it also means rebirth.   It was also the time of gradual change.   Renaissance people during this time were neither nonbelievers nor heretics.   They still believe in the teachings of the church.   But as time goes by, changes have brought to their beliefs that affect their activities and worldly interests.   Renaissance does not only bring some changes in the beliefs of the people.   Humanism is one example of this.   There are individuals who were known as humanists. The first great humanist of the Renaissance was Francesco Petrarch.   He collected ancient Latin and Greek manuscripts and imitated the style of Great Roman poets.   He explored and sought his innermost feelings.  Desiderius Erasmus, a gentle Dutchman was one of the respected Christian humanists.   He was interested in studying human behavior.   He wanted people to be kind and reasonable.   He was consider as a Christian humanist because he spread the new learning and sought a deeper and purer religious devotion. There were medieval artists that were known during this time like Raphael, Michael Angelo Buonarotti, and Leonardo da Vinci.   They express their feelings through paintings.   Their work of art focuses on religion.   Among their work of art were Madonna by Raphael; the paintings of Michael Angelo in the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; and even Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci.   All of this was reflections of the Christian religion.  Like the Renaissance, the Reformation plays a big role during this time.   Reformation was the time when many Christians left the Catholic Church. There are people that led to this reformation. One is John Wycliffe, he was from England who questions the basic teaching of the church – – that people can reached heaven through the Church.   Another reformist was John Huss of Bohemia who was influenced by Wycliffe.   He challenged the authority of the Pope, denounced the wealth of the clergy and called the deepening of spiritual feeling.   The third reformist was Martin Luther, who was a German Monk who believes that people could reach God by Faith alone. He also nailed on the door of Wittenberg his Ninety-Nine Theses which denounces the indulgences of the Church. As a whole I can say that reformation plays a big role in the changes that occur to the religious beliefs of the people.   It divided the unity of faith among westerners from Catholicism emerge Protestantism.   The Reformation also helps to develop modern economics attitudes.   The secular attitude of the Renaissance contributed in the politics and the economic life of people in the society. Reference: Unfinished Journey: A World History. 1983. Marvin Perry. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, Massachusetts. ISBN: 971-11-0125-4